Clinical Pathology (101-200) MCQs- Year 4 PMU

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Masters Pathoanatomy Test sobre Clinical Pathology (101-200) MCQs- Year 4 PMU, creado por Med Student el 10/01/2019.
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Chronic bronchitis can be characterized by the following
Respuesta
  • hypertrophy of the smooth muscle layer of the bronchi
  • squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium
  • can cause cor pulmonale chronicum
  • all of the above

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
Which type of emphysema most frequently causes pneumothorax?
Respuesta
  • paraseptal
  • senile
  • bullous
  • centrolobular

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
In diffuse pulmonary emphysema we can notice the following changes
Respuesta
  • the lungs are with increased density
  • the lungs are enlarged
  • we observe atrophy of the interalveolar septi
  • there is hypertrophy of the interalveolar septi

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
What is the order in which we observe the different histological stages in pneumonia crouposa?
Respuesta
  • congestion, grey hepatisation, red hepatisation, resolution
  • grey hepatisation, congestion, red hepatisation, resolution
  • congestion, red hepatisation, grey hepatisation, resolution
  • congestion, red hepatisation, grey hepatisation, lung abscess

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
Which complications can we observe in lobar pneumonia?
Respuesta
  • carnification
  • fibrinous pleuritis
  • lung abscess
  • none of the above

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
In which stage of pneumonia crouposa (lobar pneumonia) can we hear crepitations?
Respuesta
  • grey hepatisation
  • congestion
  • resolution
  • red hepatisation

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Pleural friction in pneumonia crouposa (lobar pneumonia) can be detected in
Respuesta
  • the stage of congestion
  • the stage of grey hepatisation
  • there is no pleural friction in pneumonia crouposa
  • all stages

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
Characteristic features of hypostatic pneumonia
Respuesta
  • it is observed in the apical lobes of the lungs
  • it is unilateral
  • it is observed in the lower posterior segments of both lungs
  • there is impaired ventilation in the segments where it occurs

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
In hypostatic pneumonia
Respuesta
  • there is activation of saprophytic flora
  • it is caused by pneumococci
  • it is caused by Pneumocystis carini
  • there is hypoventilation in the lower posterior segments

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
In bronchopneumonia we can observe
Respuesta
  • scattered grey-yellow foci in the lung parenchyma
  • confluent grey-yellow foci
  • central collection of pus in these foci
  • rusty sputum

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
Bronchopneumonia is characterized by
Respuesta
  • high fever, weakness, cough
  • can be complicated by septicopyemia
  • can be descending from purulent bronchitis
  • mycetoma

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
Fungal pneumonia can be caused by
Respuesta
  • old age
  • long-term antibiotic treatment
  • in autoimmune diseases, where patients are treated with corticosteroids
  • immune deficit

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
In fungal pneumonia we can observe
Respuesta
  • Fungal colonies
  • Uncharacteristic clinical signs
  • Interstitial pneumonia
  • Van Gieson positive fungi

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
In interstitial pneumonia
Respuesta
  • there is involvement of only one lobe
  • the inflammatory infiltrate is rich in lymphocytes
  • plasma cells are seen in the inflammatory infiltrate
  • the interalveolar septi are thickened

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
In pneumonia crouposa (lobar pneumonia) we can observe the following histological changes
Respuesta
  • focal purulent inflammation
  • fibrino-purulent exudate in the alveoli
  • artificial detachment of the fibrin fibrils from the alveolar walls
  • spared alveoli filled with air

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
What are the characteristic microscopic features of chronic pyelonephritis?
Respuesta
  • pericapsular glomerulosclerosis
  • mesangial hyperplasia
  • lymphoid infiltrates in the interstitium
  • "thyroidization " of the tubules

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
What is the most common outcome of tubal pregnancy?
Respuesta
  • rupture of the fallopian tube
  • secondary peritoneal pregnancy
  • pregnancy with normal birth
  • fetal transition into lithopedion

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
Which of the following diseases affect the white substance of the brain?
Respuesta
  • post-vaccination encephalitis
  • polioencephalitis
  • multiple sclerosis
  • lethargic encephalitis

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
Where are the first and major vascular changes in hypertension?
Respuesta
  • aorta
  • vessels of muscle type
  • arterioles
  • veins

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
Specify which stages are not found in lobar pneumonia
Respuesta
  • proliferative
  • gray hepatization
  • red hepatization
  • resolution

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
The most common case of acute post hemorrhagic anemia are:
Respuesta
  • acute hemolysis
  • traumatic
  • intoxication
  • all three above

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
Which are tumor-like processes in the mouth
Respuesta
  • polyp
  • fibroma
  • hemangioma
  • epulis

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
In myeloma often develops
Respuesta
  • hyper-para-proteinemia
  • amyloidosis
  • renal failure
  • chronic pyelonephritis

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
In periarteritis nodosa occur
Respuesta
  • calcium deposits in the vessel wall
  • endarteriitic changes
  • fibrinoid necrosis in the vessel wall
  • amyloidosis

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
Tubulorexis is seen in
Respuesta
  • acute pyelonephritis
  • ischemic tubular necrosis
  • toxic tubular necrosis
  • urinary acid attack

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
Which of the above pathological processes, refers to the proliferative state of rheumatism?
Respuesta
  • mucoid edema
  • fibrinoid deposition
  • growth of connective tissue
  • formation of granulomas

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
Basal leptomeningitis is found in
Respuesta
  • sepsis
  • tuberculosis
  • influenza
  • neurosyphilis

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
What diseases comprise COPD
Respuesta
  • chronic bronchitis
  • primary pulmonary hypertension
  • lung carnification
  • pulmonary emphysema

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
Which of the ovarian tumors is related to transitional epithelium
Respuesta
  • Brenner tumor
  • Adrenoblastoma
  • Mucinous cystadenoma
  • Serous cystadenoma

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
Typical changes in the heart in hypertension are
Respuesta
  • hypertrophy of the left ventricle
  • hypertrophy of the right ventricle
  • mitral stenosis
  • brown atrophy of the liver

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
In classical nephritic syndrome is found
Respuesta
  • heavy proteinuria over 3,5 g/24 h
  • erythrocytes in the urine
  • hypertension
  • azotemia

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
Which are the morphological subtypes of ameloblastoma
Respuesta
  • cystic
  • laminar
  • soft
  • solid

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
What complications can occur at the site of chronic heart aneurysm?
Respuesta
  • myocardial rupture
  • mural thrombosis
  • regeneration of the muscle layer
  • adhesive pericarditis

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
Indicate where the viruses of hepatitis A and B replicate after enteral or parenteral penetration
Respuesta
  • intestines
  • in mesenteric lymph nodes
  • in other lymphoid organs
  • in liver

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
Serous meningitis can be caused by
Respuesta
  • herpes simplex infection
  • a streptococcal infection
  • influenza infection
  • mumps

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
"Big white kidneys " are seen in
Respuesta
  • chronic pyelonephritis
  • rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
  • renal amyloidosis
  • diabetic nephropathy

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
Lobar pneumonia is
Respuesta
  • lobular
  • fibrinous
  • catarrhal
  • pleuropneumonia

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
What are the complications of atherosclerosis of the femoral artery
Respuesta
  • thrombophlebitis
  • atrophy of the limb
  • gangrene
  • thrombosis

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
The pathogenesis of hydrocephalus is due to
Respuesta
  • the increased volume of CSF
  • swelling of the brain
  • imbalance between absorption and spinal fluid production
  • ischemia

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
Indicate which diseases are intraepithelial neoplasms
Respuesta
  • pre-cancers
  • tumor-like processes
  • invasive tumors
  • inflammatory diseases

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
When is mostly seen the acute aneurysm of the heart?
Respuesta
  • in the acute phase of myocardial infarction
  • in diphtheria myocarditis
  • rheumatic myocarditis
  • at aortic stenosis

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
Early carcinoma of the stomach means
Respuesta
  • carcinoma infiltrating submucosa
  • carcinoma in situ
  • carcinoma infiltrating muscular layer
  • carcinoma infiltrating the serosa

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
What is abortion?
Respuesta
  • an inflammatory condition
  • a spontaneous abortion
  • artificial interruption of pregnancy
  • tumor

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
Which of the following morphologic methods are used for classifying the lymphomas
Respuesta
  • Staining with van Gieson
  • PAS reaction
  • Staining with von Kossa
  • Immunohistochemistry

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
Which of these tumors frequently metastasize to bone
Respuesta
  • liposarcoma
  • osteosarcoma
  • prostate cancer
  • breast cancer

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
Which of the following thyroid cancer is associated with amyloidosis
Respuesta
  • Follicular carcinoma
  • Medullary carcinoma

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
Which type of lung carcinoma has the worst prognosis
Respuesta
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Small cell carcinoma

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
Which of the following is true for medullary carcinoma of the breast
Respuesta
  • Worse prognosis
  • Prominent lymphoid infiltrate

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
Which of the following type of lipids has the highest association with atherosclerosis
Respuesta
  • Triglycerides
  • Low-density lipoproteins

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
Calcifying sclerosis of aorta and big arteries is type of
Respuesta
  • Dystrophic calcification
  • Metastaic calcification

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
The most frequent form of primary glomerular disease in children is
Respuesta
  • Minimal change disease
  • Acute glomerulonephritis

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
Hyperfunction of anterior pituitary in pre-pubertal children generally can result in:
Respuesta
  • Acromegaly
  • Gigantism

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
The role of external radiation in the etiology of thyroid cancer is predominant in:
Respuesta
  • Papillary carcinoma
  • Follicular carcinoma

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
The following type of carcinoma of the breast is characterized by ‘lndian file’ pattern of tumor cells
Respuesta
  • Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
  • Invasive lobular carcinoma

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
Prostatic hyperplasia affects most often
Respuesta
  • Peripheral prostate
  • Periurethral prostate

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
Which criteria refer to pernicious anaemia
Respuesta
  • Low serum B12
  • Megaloblastic anaemia
  • Antibody against intrinsic factor of stomach
  • Gastric parietal cell antibody

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
Which of the following tumors have association with occupational exposure to asbestosis
Respuesta
  • Silicosis
  • Malignant mesothelioma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Laryngeal carcinoma

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
Which of the following features characterize ulcerative colitis, except
Respuesta
  • Formation of crypt abscess and cryptitis
  • Superficial mucosal ulceration
  • Depletion of goblet cells and mucus
  • Stricture formation in chronic cases

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
Philadelphia chromosome is characterized by
Respuesta
  • translocation (8; 14)
  • translocation (9:22)
  • translocation (22:9)
  • translocation (14;8)

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
Which of the following are included in classic Hodgkin’s disease
Respuesta
  • Histiocytic fibrosis
  • Lymphocytic depletion
  • Mixed cellularity
  • Nodular sclerosis

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
Pulseless disease is
Respuesta
  • Temporal arteritis
  • Kawasaki’s disease
  • Takayasu arteritis
  • Buerger’s disease

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
The morphologic variants of diagnostic cells in Hodgkin’s disease are
Respuesta
  • Cells with bilobed nucleus appearing as mirror image
  • Megaloblastic cells
  • Lacunar type cell
  • Large cleaved cells

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
Crohn’s disease is characterized by the following histopathologic features
Respuesta
  • Non-caseating sarcoid like granulomas
  • Deep transmural ulceration
  • Multiple abscesses
  • Pseudopolyps

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
According to monoclonal atherosclerotic hypothesis, the primary event in atherosclerosis is
Respuesta
  • Monoclonal proliferation of endothelial cells
  • Monoclonal proliferation of smooth muscle cells
  • Monoclonal proliferation of monocytes
  • Monoclonal proliferation of foam cells

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
Barrett’s oesophagus is
Respuesta
  • Congenital anomaly
  • Inflammatory disease
  • Metaplastic process
  • Neoplastic lesion

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
The most common site of involvement of atherosclerotic aneurysm is
Respuesta
  • Arch of aorta
  • Thoracic aorta
  • Suprarenal part of abdominal aorta
  • Intrarenal part of abdominal aorta

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
The following histologic types of bronchogenic carcinoma have strong association with cigarette smoking except
Respuesta
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Small cell carcinoma
  • Large cell carcinoma
  • Adenocarcinoma

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
The most important and common complicated atheromatous lesion in the coronary artery in route myocardial infarction is
Respuesta
  • Calcification
  • Coronary artery thrombosis
  • Aneurysm
  • Ulceration

Pregunta 69

Pregunta
In hypertensive heart disease left ventricular hypertrophy is correlated with
Respuesta
  • Duration of hypertension
  • Severity of hypertension
  • Cause of hypertension
  • Severity of coronary atherosclerosis

Pregunta 70

Pregunta
The most common causative organism for lobar pneumonia is
Respuesta
  • Staphylococci
  • Streptococci
  • Pneumococci
  • Haemophilus

Pregunta 71

Pregunta
The common complications of gastric ulcer are
Respuesta
  • penetration
  • pneumonia
  • hemorrhage
  • perforation

Pregunta 72

Pregunta
Which of the following types of acute viral hepatitis become chronic hepatitis
Respuesta
  • type A
  • type B
  • type C
  • all the tree answers are correct

Pregunta 73

Pregunta
What complication can occur due to atherosclerosis of femoral artery?
Respuesta
  • thrombophlebitis
  • diabetes mellitus
  • gangrene
  • pulmonary thromboembolism

Pregunta 74

Pregunta
Nephrotic syndrome develops in
Respuesta
  • urine retention
  • acute renal failure
  • acute pyelonephritis
  • glomerulonephritis

Pregunta 75

Pregunta
The infection which leads to pyelonephritis may be a result of
Respuesta
  • hematogenous dissemination
  • ascending dissemination
  • immune conflict
  • as a complication of glomerulonephritis

Pregunta 76

Pregunta
Which of the following diseases does not lead to nephrosclerosis
Respuesta
  • atherosclerosis
  • diabetes mellitus
  • diabetes insipidus
  • gout

Pregunta 77

Pregunta
Squamous cell carcinoma is a common tumor in the
Respuesta
  • Uterine body
  • Ovaries
  • Fallopian tubes
  • Uterine cervix

Pregunta 78

Pregunta
Which of the morphological methods are used for subtyping lymphomas?
Respuesta
  • Van Gieson staining
  • PAS
  • Von Kossa staining
  • Immunohistochemistry

Pregunta 79

Pregunta
Which of the following complications can develop in pulmonary carcinoma
Respuesta
  • mantle pneumonia
  • brown induration of lungs
  • empyema
  • massive hemorrhage

Pregunta 80

Pregunta
Determine the pathological process in the lung parenchyma, having in mind the microscopic appearance - a focus of necrosis, detritus, leukocytes and macrophages
Respuesta
  • acute pulmonary abscess
  • chronic pulmonary abscess
  • bronchiectasis
  • lung cancer in decay

Pregunta 81

Pregunta
Point out the characteristic macroscopic changes of chronic obstructive emphysema
Respuesta
  • decreased in size lungs, collapsed to the hilum
  • lungs with increased volume
  • thick consistency of the lungs
  • reduced elasticity and soft consistency

Pregunta 82

Pregunta
What disease is endometriosis?
Respuesta
  • Inflammation of the uterine mucosa
  • Inflammation of the uterine cervix
  • Dishormonal disease
  • Tumor

Pregunta 83

Pregunta
Gynecomastia is a disease of
Respuesta
  • breast in women
  • ovaries
  • male breast
  • testes

Pregunta 84

Pregunta
What is typical for the first stage of syphilis?
Respuesta
  • siphilides
  • ulcus durum
  • gumma
  • generalized lymphadenitis

Pregunta 85

Pregunta
For tuberculous meningitis the following histological changes are typical
Respuesta
  • purulent infiltration in the meninges
  • endarteriitis obliterans
  • granulomatous inflammation
  • caseous necrosis

Pregunta 86

Pregunta
Why are occupational diseases named pneumoconiosis?
Respuesta
  • cor hypertonicum
  • disease of the lungs associated with mineral dust inhalation
  • pneumonia
  • infection of the bronchial wall and lung parenchyma

Pregunta 87

Pregunta
Which of the following factors play a role in the development of bronchial carcinoma?
Respuesta
  • chronic bronchitis
  • smoking
  • influenza
  • work/ environmental factors

Pregunta 88

Pregunta
What is the exudate in the pleural cavity and pericardial sac due to lymphatic spread of pulmonary carcinoma into them?
Respuesta
  • fibrinous
  • serous
  • hemorrhagic
  • purulent

Pregunta 89

Pregunta
What forms of silicosis do you know?
Respuesta
  • nodular
  • diffuse-sclerotic
  • senile
  • combination of a) and b)

Pregunta 90

Pregunta
Apically located peripheral pulmonary carcinoma is represented by the eponym
Respuesta
  • Claude-Bernard-Horner syndrome
  • Pancoast-Tobias
  • Ptosis and miosis
  • Enophthalmus

Pregunta 91

Pregunta
Which diseases complicate siliscosis?
Respuesta
  • cor hypertonicum
  • cor pulmonale chronicum
  • tuberculosis
  • pneumofibrosis

Pregunta 92

Pregunta
Claude-Bernard-Horner syndrome includes the following:
Respuesta
  • ptosis, midriasis, anhydrosis
  • ptosis, miosis, increased sweating
  • ptosis. miosis, pseudoenophthalmus
  • anhydrosis

Pregunta 93

Pregunta
What possible gross changes we see in lung carcinoma?
Respuesta
  • pneumonia-like form
  • ill-defined central node connected to a bronchus
  • linitis plastic
  • peripheral ill-defined node

Pregunta 94

Pregunta
Chronic bronchitis is usually accompanied by
Respuesta
  • squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium
  • phases of purulent inflammation
  • productive cough for at least 2 months/year for 3 consecutive years
  • productive cough for at least 3 months/year for 2 consecutive years

Pregunta 95

Pregunta
Squamous cell lung carcinoma occurs
Respuesta
  • in the middle lobe of the left lung
  • after squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium of bronchi
  • as an ill-defined node connected to a bronchus
  • forming nests of tumor cells producing keratin

Pregunta 96

Pregunta
In small cell lung carcinoma we can observe
Respuesta
  • numerous tumor cells with scant stroma
  • the tumor cells resemble oat-grains
  • it grows in a pneumonia-like fashion
  • the tumor cells have very high proliferative rate

Pregunta 97

Pregunta
Bronchiolo-alveolar pulmonary carcinoma is characterized by:
Respuesta
  • forms papillary folds into the alveolar lumen
  • it is a form of squamous cell carcinoma
  • the cells produce keratin
  • it is a form of adenocarcinoma

Pregunta 98

Pregunta
Hodgkin lymphoma has
Respuesta
  • Five histological variants
  • Hodgkin cells
  • Reed-Stern berg cells
  • Polyclonal inflammatory background

Pregunta 99

Pregunta
In Hodgkin lymphoma we can observe
Respuesta
  • effaced lymph node structure
  • nodular sclerosis histological form
  • mixed cellularity histological form
  • chronic myeloleukemia

Pregunta 100

Pregunta
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas can be
Respuesta
  • Nodal
  • B-cell and T -cell types
  • Extranodal
  • none of the above
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