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NMAT - Biology

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1An erythrocyte is placed in a beaker with a hypertonic solution. What do you think will happen to the cell after several minutes?
1. AIt will crenate.
2. BIt will plasmolyze.
3. CIt will become turgid.
4. DIt will become flaccid.
2For a few women, normal pregnancy is not possible because of some anatomical and physiological abnormalities. Nowadays, the practice of in vitro fertilization is widely used. This involves the extraction of the secondary oocyte from a woman. The oocyte is then placed in a petri dish. The fertilization and early development occur in vitro (in glass). Arrange the following statements to complete the process of in vitro fertilization.

I. It is necessary for the woman to lie down for several hours.
II. The embryo is then transferred into the uterus of the female.
III. The embryo will be removed from the petri dish.
IV. A sperm cell is introduced in the petri dish for germination.
1. AIV - I - III - II
2. BIV - II - III - I
3. CIV - I - II - III
4. DIV - III - II - I
3Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?
1. Aas transport vesicles
2. Bcell-to-cell communication
3. Ccell-to-cell recognition site
4. Dattachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix
4Lymphocytes, a subclass of white blood cells, are divided into two types: B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes. What is the role of B-lymphocytes?
1. Achemical defense
2. Bnon-specific defense
3. Chumoral immune response
4. Dcell-mediated immune response
5Mutation is the alteration of the form of a particular gene or chromosome that results in new trait to be inherited. Mutations can occur in chromosome structure or chromosome number. Several types of gene mutations may occur, such as insertion and deletion. Here are examples of changes applied in a sentence:

Insertion of "I"
THE CAT AND DOG RUN
THE CAI AND DOG RUN

Deletion of "E"
THE CAT AND DOG RUN
TH CAT AND DOG RUN

From the given examples, we can classify these mutations as
1. Apoint mutations
2. Bframeshift mutations
3. Ccarcinogenic mutations
4. Dnone of the above choices
6Population density is described as population size per unit area/volume. In population density, two kinds of factors are being considered: dependent and independent factors. Which of the following is NOT a density independent factor?
1. Adiseases
2. Bforest fires
3. Churricane
4. Dclimate change
7Living organisms have the ability to maintain a stable internal environment and transform from an immature to a mature functional form. These attributes are _____________________.
1. Aadaptation and growth, respectively
2. Bhomeostasis and growth, respectively
3. Cadaptation and development, respectively
4. Dhomeostasis and development, respectively
8Which of the following derivative meristems develops into vascular tissue?
1. Aprotoderm
2. Bprocambium
3. Ccork cambium
4. Dground meristem
9Based on the taxonomic classification of organisms, which of the following pairs of organisms is MOSTLY related?
1. Aturtle and snake
2. Bshark and milkfish
3. Cyeast and mushroom
4. Dwater mold and bread mold
10Vitiligo is a disorder in which melanocytes (cells that produce melanin pigment) are unable to function. As a result, white patches appear on the skin. Albinism is a chromosomal mutation that may result in the cessation of melanin production or a considerable decline in the amount of melanin.

A man who is an intermediate albino (Aa) with vitiligo (Bb) marries a woman who is an albino (aa) but has normal skin (bb). What percent of their offspring is considered as purebred?
1. A25%
2. B50%
3. C75%
4. D100%

11Because of the differences in the surface of blood cells that act as antigens, human blood is classified into four different blood types, namely A, B, AB, and O. Blood type AB is also known as the "universal recipient" because _____________________.
1. Ait has antibody against A and B
2. Bit has no antibody against A and B
3. Cit has antigen A and antibody against B
4. Dit has antigen B and antibody against A
12Which of the following Kingdoms of life has genetic material that is exposed to its cytoplasm?
1. AKingdom Fungi
2. BKingdom Plantae
3. CKingdom Monera
4. DKingdom Protista
13Developmental biology deals with the study of the development of animals. It also deals with the processes involved in the transformation of fertilized egg to a more complex individual. Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of the development of a simple cell to a more complex organism?
1. Afertilization - gametogenesis - gastrulation - cleavage - organogenesis - growth and histological differentiation
2. Bgametogenesis - fertilization - cleavage - gastrulation - growth and histological differentiation - organogenesis
3. Cfertilization - gametogenesis - cleavage - gastrulation - growth and histological differentiation - organogenesis
4. Dgametogenesis - fertilization - cleavage - gastrulation - organogenesis - growth and histological differentiation
14Biome is defined as an ecological community dominated with distinctive plants and animals. Which of the following types of biomes has the greatest number and diverse kinds of species?
1. Ataiga
2. Bestuary
3. Csavannah
4. Dtropical rainforest
15The life cycle of plants includes the alternation of generation, also known as diplohaplontic life cycle. All of the following have a dominant diploid sporophyte EXCEPT ___________________________.
1. Aferns
2. Bmosses
3. Cpine trees
4. Dcommon weeds
16A diploid cell has 28 chromosomes. When meiosis occurs, how many chromosomes are there during Prophase I?
1. A14 chromosomes
2. B28 chromosomes
3. C56 chromosomes
4. D84 chromosomes
17In order to maintain the beating of the heart, the pacemaker located at the heart's right atrium transfers impulses through the two atria, causing atrial systole and eventually, ventricular systole. Which of the following is the "pacemaker" of the heart?
1. Abundle of His
2. Bsinoatrial node
3. Ccoronary artery
4. Datrioventricular node
18Which of the following is closest to the enter of a woody eudicot stem?
1. Aprimary xylem
2. Bprimary phloem
3. Csecondary xylem
4. Dsecondary phloem
19The dwarf water buffalo and the maple tree have eukaryotic type of cells. Which of the following organelles is present in the cells of the dwarf water buffalo but absent in the cells of the maple tree?
1. Anucleus
2. Bcentriole
3. Ccell wall
4. Dcell membrane
20Which of the following apples will ripen the fastest?
1. Aan apple often flushed with carbon dioxide
2. Ban apple with an ethylene-releasing banana enclosed in a bag
3. Can apple with a beaker of an ethylene-releasing chemical in a plastic bag
4. DChoices b and c
21Organogenesis is the process involved in the formation of organs. Along with this process, the cells choose to become a particular type of cell that will function for a specific organ. This process is called differentiation. Which of the following statements are TRUE about a differentiated cell?

I. A differentiated cell utilizes a particular set of proteins to perform its function.
II. Cells that are differentiated assume a specific shape to function effectively to the tissue it belongs.
III. When the cell differentiates, it deactivates for some time to regenerate the energy and materials spent during differentiation.
IV. Muscle cells, nerve cells, and red blood cells are examples of differentiated cells.
1. AI and II
2. BI, II, and III
3. CI, II, and IV
4. DAll of the choices
22The DNA sequence below shows the segment of the gene for human hemoglobin starting with amino acid residue 24.

Normal: 5' AGT TGG TGG TGA GGC CCT GGC CAG GCT 3'

Which of the following amino acid sequences will change the proline at position 29 to valine, making the sequence mutant?

Use the following amino acid sequence:
Valine - GTT, GTC Arginine - AGA, AGG
Alanine - GCT, GCC Proline - CCT, CGA
1. A3' AGT TGG TGG GTT GGC CCT GGC CAG GCT 5'
2. B5' AGT TGG GTC TGA GGC CCT GGC CAG GCT 3'
3. C3' AGT TGG TGG TGA GGC GTC GGC CAG GCT 5'
4. D5' AGT TGG TGG TGA GGC GTC GGC CAG GCT 3'
23Specialized cells that no longer divide are generally locked in which stage of the cell cycle?
1. AG1 phase
2. BG2 phase
3. CG0 phase
4. DS phase
24The naming of organisms follows the Linnaeus binomial system. Which of the following is the CORRECT way of writing the scientific name of tomatoes?
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
25In the process of biological magnification, toxins that are harmful become more concentrated in the successive trophic levels of a food web. The pesticides dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenols (PCBs) are well-known examples of this. Which of the following organisms will receive the MOST concentration of these harmful substances in their body system?
1. Asnakes
2. Bsmall fishes
3. Czooplanktons
4. Dfish-eating birds
26Incomplete dominance is characterized by a cross between a homozygous dominant and recessive genes that will result in an intermediate trait. Assume the following sets of genes in a human being:

B - black-colored pupil HH - straight hair
bb - blue-colored pupil Hh - wavy hair
hh - curly hair

A husband and wife, BBHH x bbHh, wants to know the probability of having a child with blue-colored pupil wavy hair. What will you tell them?
1. AThese is a 25% chance that the offspring will have blue-colored pupils and wavy hair.
2. BThere is a 50% chance that the offspring will have blue-colored pupils and wavy hair.
3. CThere is no chance that the offspring will have blue-colored pupils and wavy hair.
4. DImpossible to determine
27Which of the following substances will easily cross the cell membrane?
1. Astarch
2. Bsodium ion
3. Cchloride ion
4. Dcarbon dioxide
28Progesterone is a substance that prepares the endometrium in the uterus for implantation of fertilized egg. Where is this substance secreted?
1. Ainfundibulum
2. Bcorpus luteum
3. CGraafian follicle
4. Dseminiferous tubule
29Biologist Charles Darwin emphasized that evolution can best be explained as a consequence of natural selection. Which of the following statements CORRECTLY describes Darwin's "Natural Selection"?
1. AChance events results in a change of allele frequencies.
2. BAs the conditions of nature change, individuals that are fittest and most adaptable will survive and evolve.
3. CPopulations exchange members to converge toward one another.
4. DAs the organism continues to use a certain part of its body, it enlarges or elongates.
30Which of the following is NOT achieved by the cell after cleavage?
1. Aformation of blastula
2. Bincrease in cell number
3. Cdevelopment of the neutral crest
4. Dincrease in the amount of genetic material
31One of the processes that enables cells to harvest the energy stored in food is cellular respiration. Which of the following is FALSE?
1. AIt is a catabolic pathway.
2. BIt is an anabolic pathway.
3. CIt is an oxidation-reduction process.
4. DIt occurs in the mitochondria of cells.
32A unicellular organism undergoes ________________ when its cell divides.
1. Agrowth
2. Bdevelopment
3. Creproduction
4. Dall of the choices
33Turner syndrome is a disorder caused by missing or incomplete X chromosomes (XO). As a result, the individual shows the external physical appearance of a female. However, along with it are certain characteristics. Which of the following would be the distinguishing symptom of a person with Turner syndrome?
1. Avery pale skin
2. Ba mousy odor to the urine
3. Cswelling of the hands and feet
4. Dsecondary sex characteristics do not develop
34The energy pyramid shows the decreasing pattern of energy from producers to consumers and from one trophic level to another. Producers are placed at the base of the energy pyramid because __________________.
1. Athey are used up at a faster rate
2. Bthey have the most amount of energy available
3. Cthey can be found in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem
4. Dthey have pigments available in producing their own food
35If the patient is suffering from retention of too much urine, there might be a problem regarding the secretion of what hormone?
1. Aoxytocin
2. Bgrowth hormone
3. Cantidiuretic hormone
4. Dadrenocorticotropic hormone
36The structure of DNA can be described as a double strand twisted with one another to form a spiral staircase. One chain of DNA strand contains 16% A, 24% C, 32% T, and 28% G. What will be the composition of the complementary chain?
1. A32% T, 12% G, 16% A, and 56% C
2. B32% A, 12% C, 16% T, and 56% C
3. C16% A, 24% C, 32% T, and 28% C
4. D16% T, 24% G, 32% A, and 28% C
37The eggs of animals are delicate. Therefore, they must be enclosed in a defensive coat. Because of this need, some vertebrates developed extraembryonic membranes. The extraembryonic membranes are yolk sac, chorion, allantois, and amnion. The amnion contains amniotic fluid. What could be the possible purpose of amniotic fluid?
1. Adeliver nourishment for the embryo
2. Bcarry nitrogenous wastes away from the embryo
3. Csupply blood to the blood vessels of the embryo
4. Dserves as a cushion sac around the embryo against physical trauma
38Which of the following describes the muscles in the blood vessels?
1. Astriated
2. Belongated
3. Cmultinucleated
4. Dnucleus located at the center of the cell
39In Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Arthropoda consists of animals characterized by jointed legs. It has five classes, namely: Insecta, Crustacea, Arachnida, Chilopoda, and Diplopoda. Crustaceans are arthropods having two pairs of antennae and various pairs of legs. Which of the following animals below belongs to Class Crustacea?
1. Acrab
2. Bscorpion
3. Ccentipede
4. Dgrasshopper
40Macronutrients are elements needed by plants in relatively large amount. All of the following are macronutrients EXCEPT
1. Azinc
2. Bnitrogen
3. Cpotassium
4. Dphosphorus
41Recombinant DNA is one of the successful application of genetics in our society and the reason behind the mass production of vaccines, hormones, etc. Insulin production is made possible because of recombinant DNA. The insulin gene from human DAN is cut with the use of restriction enzymes. The insulin gene is then combined in a plasmid (secondary DNA) and inserted into another cellular organism. What could be the organism?
1. ACorona virus
2. B
3. CTobacco mosaic virus
4. D
42Arrange the following events according to sequence during a primary ecological succession.

I. Spruce-Hemlock forest
II. A rubble left behind by a retreating glacier
III. Alders form dense stands
IV. Accumulation of mosses and lichens
V. Formation of dwarf willows
1. AI, II, III, IV, and V
2. BV, IV, III, II, and I
3. CI, III, II, IV, and V
4. DII, IV, V, III, and I
43Based on the diagram below, which of the following conditions will NOT cause the short-day plant to flower?
1. A1 only
2. B1 and 3
3. C1 and 6
4. D1, 4, and 6
44Oogenesis is the meiosis that occurs in the ovary of female organisms. If 5 oogonia are present, how many active egg cells are produced when 3 out of 5 oogonia undergo oogenesis?
1. A3
2. B5
3. C6
4. D10
45In an autonomic nervous system, which of the following is an effect of parasympathetic division?
1. Athe trachea widens
2. Bthe heart rate increases
3. Cthe liver is stimulated to release glucose
4. Dthe muscular contractions of stomach increase
46The germinal layers, which include the ectoderm, the mesoderm, and the endoderm, are rudiments from which the different organs of the body are derived. The outer germinal layer (ectoderm) gives rise to the skin epidermis and organs of the nervous system. The middle layer is the mesoderm, which is considered as the origin of the skeletal muscles and blood vascular system, while the innermost layer (endoderm) develops the digestive tracts and glands. Which of the following organs MOST likely originated from the middle layer?
1. Acloaca
2. Bpancreas
3. Chypophysis
4. Dvertebral column
47Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder in which blood fails to clot properly due to gene mutations. A person with hemophilia may experience easy bruising and sudden bleeding. The pedigree diagram below shows the inheritance of hemophilia.
What could be the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the parents?
1. AXH Y (normal male) and XH Xh (female carrier)
2. BXh Y (hemophilic male) and XH XH (normal female)
3. CXh Y (hemophilic male) and Xh Xh (hemophilic female)
4. DXh Y (hemophilic male) and XH Xh (female carrier)
48Bull's horn acacias have hollow thorns that house stinging ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex. The ants feed on sugar produced by nectarines on the tree, sting other insects, remove fungal spores, and clip surrounding vegetation that grow close to the foliage of the acacia tree. This illustrates what type of symbiotic relationship?
1. APredation
2. BMutualism
3. CParasitism
4. DCommensalism
49Uterine contractions force the baby out of the uterus during labor. What hormone is responsible during uterine contraction?
1. Aprolactin
2. Boxytocin
3. Cluteinizing hormone
4. Dfollicle-stimulating hormone
50Carefully examine the image. What structures are common from each animal during the period of development?

I. Tail
II. Gill pouches
III. Hind legs
IV. Forelimbs
1. AI and II only
2. BI, II, and III
3. CI, III, and IV
4. Dall of the above