29245560
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which of the following should be studied with a TISSUE culture?
Respuesta
-
Microorganisms
-
Animal
-
Human
-
Fungi
-
Plant
-
Cells derived from tissues
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Which of the following should be studied with a CELL culture?
Respuesta
-
Microorganisms
-
Cells derived from tissues
-
Animals
-
Humans
-
Fungi
-
Plants
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Cells in a [blank_start]determined[blank_end] state remain the same after differentiating. [blank_start]Most[blank_end] cells are in this state.
Cells in a [blank_start]plastic[blank_end] state are changing, usually before they differentiate. [blank_start]Stem[blank_end] cells are in this state.
Respuesta
-
determined
-
plastic
-
mobile
-
static
-
plastic
-
determined
-
mobile
-
static
-
Most
-
Stem
-
Stem
-
Most
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
List the Biosafety labs in order from MOST to LEAST restrictive.
[blank_start]Level 4[blank_end]
[blank_start]Level 3[blank_end]
[blank_start]Level 2[blank_end]
[blank_start]Level 1[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Level 4
-
Level 3
-
Level 2
-
Level 1
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Check all that apply to LEVEL 1 Biosafety labs.
Respuesta
-
Least restrictive
-
Worried about contamination of the culture
-
Most restrictive
-
Worried about containment of culture agents
-
Worried about exposure of workers
-
Non-pathogenic
-
Extremely pathogenic
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Check all that apply to LEVEL 4 Biosafety labs.
Respuesta
-
Most restrictive
-
Extremely pathogenic
-
Worried about contamination of culture
-
Worried about containment of culture agents
-
Worried about exposure of workers
-
Least restrictive
-
Non-pathogenic
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
As long as you wash your hands and arms up to the elbow and sanitize with >70% ethanol, you shouldn't have to worry about contaminating your culture due to personal hygiene.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Small pieces of jewelry are fine in a biosafety lab as long as they don't come into contact with your culture.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which level would MOST LIKELY require a full-body containment suit?
Respuesta
-
Level 4
-
Level 3
-
Level 2
-
Level 1
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Although Level 1 Biosafety Labs are generally safe, it is still recommended that you wear a lab coat, cap, gloves, and face mask in order to prevent contamination of your culture.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
List the workspaces in order from LEAST to MOST protected/restricted.
[blank_start]Laminar flow hood[blank_end]
Air filtration system
[blank_start]Containment hood[blank_end]
Air filtration system
Front shield
Ultraviolet (uv) irradiation
[blank_start]Glove box[blank_end]
Closed system
Interlock exchange
[blank_start]Culture room[blank_end]
Closed system
Interlock exchange
Respuesta
-
Laminar flow hood
-
Containment hood
-
Glove box
-
Culture room
-
Alternate Dimension
-
Hand box
-
Air hood
-
Air conditioning vents
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
The interior of an autoclave must have high pressure in order to stop water from expanding at high internal temperatures.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
In order to sanitize using an autoclave, the object must be exposed to [blank_start]121[blank_end] degrees C at [blank_start]15[blank_end] psi for [blank_start]15[blank_end] minutes.
Respuesta
-
121
-
115
-
21
-
15
-
15
-
21
-
115
-
121
-
15
-
10
-
20
-
25
-
30
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which of the following are methods for FILTRATION sterilization?
Respuesta
-
Syringe filters
-
Vacuum filtration systems
-
Air filtration systems
-
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation
-
Gravity filters
-
Autoclave
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which of the following applies to Gamma irradiation?
Respuesta
-
Penetrating
-
Used for single-use, disposable items
-
Performed by manufacturer
-
Non-penetrating
-
Performed by worker
-
Used for various lab practices
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which of the following applies to Ultraviolet irradiation?
Respuesta
-
Penetrating
-
Used for single-use, disposable items
-
Performed by manufacturer
-
Non-penetrating
-
Performed by worker
-
Used for various lab practices
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Culture media for cell/tissue growth MUST be well defined. Partially defined media will produce inconclusive results.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Liquid media is also known as
Respuesta
-
broth
-
soup
-
smart water
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Which of the following are examples of liquid media?
Respuesta
-
C source
-
N source
-
Osmotica
-
Agar dissolved in liquid media
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Which of the following are examples of solid media?
Respuesta
-
Agar dissolved in liquid media
-
C source
-
N source
-
Osmotica
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Culture Containers
[blank_start]Liquid Media[blank_end]:
tubes
flask
bottles
[blank_start]Solid Media[blank_end]:
plates
tubes
magenta boxes
Respuesta
-
Liquid Media
-
Solid Media
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Which of these is an example of physical cell release?
Respuesta
-
shaking
-
enzymatic
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Kelly attempted to cultivate individual bacterial colonies on a Petri plate with agar. However, when the culture had finished incubating, the colonies were in dense streaks throughout the plate with no colony isolation. Determine which step she most likely missed when streaking.
Kelly: "I collected a sample from the suspension using a rod, and made a streak on a side of the agar, making sure to save room for my other streaks. I immediately took my rod and ran it through the first streak once and dragging it over the agar into my second streak. I did the same thing for my third and fourth streaks."
Respuesta
-
She didn't sterilize her rod between streaks.
-
She had "double-dipped," taking a sample from the suspension between each streak.
-
Kelly did everything perfectly. There must have been something wrong with her equipment.
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Which of the following are most effective at sanitizing metal instruments?
(Choose 3)
Respuesta
-
Disinfectants
-
Ethanol
-
Incinerator
-
Flame (Bunsen burner/alcohol lamp)
-
Heated glass beads
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Which of the following are valid incubation conditions?
Respuesta
-
Temperature
-
Agitation
-
Aeration
-
Light/Dark
-
Pressure
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Plants are usually incubated in __________ conditions.
Respuesta
-
Light/Dark
-
Agitation
-
Aeration
-
Temperature
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Label the storage methods with their general conditions/uses
[blank_start]Long-term storage[blank_end]
-80 degrees C (freezer)
-177 degrees C (liquid nitrogen)
[blank_start]Glycerol stocks[blank_end]
50% glycerol
Prevents cell death
[blank_start]Freeze/thaw cycles[blank_end]
Cell death
Scrape surface
Respuesta
-
Long-term storage
-
Glycerol stocks
-
Freeze/thaw cycles
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Disposal of Biohazardous waste requires some preparation before disposal. Incineration is performed [blank_start]off-site[blank_end] waste conditioning, while autoclaving is performed [blank_start]on-site[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
off-site
-
on-site
-
on-site
-
off-site
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which the following is the BEST describes a plant tissue culture?
(Choose 3)
Respuesta
-
The whole plant is regenerated from isolated cells or tissue
-
High regeneration frequency
-
Cells amendable to transformation
-
Low regeneration frequency
-
Cells unamendable to transformation
-
The plant is regenerated from a seed
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Match the medium/ingredient with its description
[blank_start]Murashgee & Skoog (MS) Medium[blank_end]:
-plant tissue culture
[blank_start]Auxins[blank_end]:
-Required for Somatic embryo induction, Callus culture, & plantlet regeneration
-stimulates cell division/clumping, embryoid budding/clump formation, & root initiation
-ABSOLUTE REQUIREMENT IN TISSUE CULTURE
[blank_start]Cytokinins[blank_end]:
-typically required for callus culture
-sometimes promotes required for somatic embryogenesis
-promotes plantlet regeneration
-ABSOLUTE REQUIREMENT IN TISSUE CULTURE
Respuesta
-
Murashgee & Skoog (MS) Medium
-
Auxins
-
Cytokinins
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
[blank_start]Substantial[blank_end] amounts of reduced Nitrogen are required in tissue cultures. Organic nitrogen sources that function better at [blank_start]low[blank_end] concentrations include glutamine, glutamic acid, urea, and alanine.
Respuesta
-
Substantial
-
Minimal
-
low
-
high
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
[blank_start]Higher[blank_end] concentrations of auxins and [blank_start]lower[blank_end] concentrations of cytokinins yield roots.
[blank_start]Lower[blank_end] concentrations of auxins and [blank_start]higher[blank_end] concentrations of cytokinins yield shoots.
Other combinations yields [blank_start]callus[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
Higher
-
Lower
-
lower
-
higher
-
Lower
-
Higher
-
higher
-
lower
-
callus
-
nothing
-
whole plant growth
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
What is centrifugation typically used for?
Respuesta
-
separation of particles in a solution
-
converting a substance from a solid to liquid phase
-
sanitizing a solution
-
activating a chemical reaction
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Separation is based on:
Respuesta
-
centrifugal force applied
-
Solute-solvent interactions
-
potential energy of the solution
-
weight of the solute
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Centrifugal force is expressed as...
Respuesta
-
multiples of gravitational force (g-force)
-
Super spy guinea pigs (g-force)
-
newtons
-
dynes
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Arrange the types of centrifuges according to their use:
Bigger particles (Cells)
[blank_start]Low-speed[blank_end]
[blank_start]Micro-centrifuge[blank_end]
[blank_start]HIgh-Speed[blank_end]
[blank_start]Ultra-Centrifuge[blank_end]
Smaller particles (DNA/RNA)
Respuesta
-
Low-speed
-
Micro-centrifuge
-
HIgh-Speed
-
Ultra-Centrifuge
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Which of the following centrifuges should be refrigerated? Why?
(Choose 3)
Respuesta
-
High-Speed
-
Ultra-Centrifuge
-
The high speed of the centrifuge causes enough heat to become a hazard.
-
The types of particles that are separated using these types of centrifuge always require refrigeration
-
Micro-Centrifuge
-
Low-speed
-
The centrifuge is just too cool B-)
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
The motion of particles during centrifugation is calculated using ___________.
Respuesta
-
Stoke's equation
-
the Centrifugal Force equation
-
Barney's equation
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Stoke's equation uses which of the following to calculate the motion of particles during centrifugation?
Respuesta
-
buoyancy
-
molecular interactions
-
all selected upon a spherical particle
-
all selected upon a liquid solvent
-
sedimentation
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Select all that apply to sedimentation constants
Respuesta
-
constant for a given medium and particle
-
constant for only the given medium
-
constant for only the given particle
-
derived from stoke's equations
-
expressed seconds (s)
-
expressed in Svedbergs (S)
-
is related to molecular weight
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
1 Svedberg (S) = ______ seconds (s)
Respuesta
-
10^-13
-
10^13
-
10^-3
-
10^3
-
103
-
300
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Which of the following will calculate centrifugal force?
Respuesta
-
RCF = (w^2)r/g
-
RCF = 11.18r/(rpm*1000)^2
-
RCF = 11.18(w^2)r/g
-
RCF = (r^2)w/g
-
RCF = (w^2)r/(rpm*1000)^2
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
label the abbreviations with their meaning in following equations for Centrifugal force.
RCF = (w^2)r/g
RCF = 11.18r/(rpm/1000)^@2
RCF = [blank_start]relative centrifugal force[blank_end]
w = [blank_start]angular velocity[blank_end]
g = [blank_start]gravitational force[blank_end]
r = [blank_start]radial distance[blank_end] of particle from axis of rotation
rpm = [blank_start]revolutions per minute[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
relative centrifugal force
-
revolving centrifugal force
-
angular velocity
-
centrifugal velocity
-
angular force
-
gravitational force
-
radial distance
-
radial circumference
-
revolutions per minute
-
radial force of motion
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
When centrifuging, equivalent masses MUST lay opposite each other in the rotor. This is more critical at lower g-forces because the lower speed allows for greater imbalance.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Why must centrifuges be balanced before use?
Respuesta
-
prevent "walking" centrifuges
-
prevent spindle damage
-
prevent "flying" rotors
-
Trick question: a centrifuge will auto-balance
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
This is a [blank_start]fixed-angle[blank_end] rotor.
(Type of Separation - Efficiency)
Pelleting - [blank_start]Excellent[blank_end]
Rate zonal - [blank_start]Poor[blank_end]
Isopycnic - [blank_start]Good[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
fixed-angle
-
swinging bucket
-
vertical
-
continuous flow
-
Excellent
-
Poor
-
Good
-
Poor
-
Excellent
-
Good
-
Good
-
Excellent
-
Poor
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
This is a [blank_start]swinging bucket[blank_end] rotor.
(Type of separation - Efficiency)
Pelleting - [blank_start]Inefficient[blank_end]
Rate zonal - [blank_start]Good[blank_end]
Isopycnic - [blank_start]Adequate[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
swinging bucket
-
fixed-angle
-
vertical
-
continuous flow
-
Inefficient
-
Good
-
Adequate
-
Good
-
Inefficient
-
Adequate
-
Adequate
-
Inefficient
-
Good
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
This is a [blank_start]vertical[blank_end] rotor.
(Type of Separation - Efficiency)
Pelleting - [blank_start]Poor[blank_end]
Rate zonal - [blank_start]Good[blank_end]
Isopycnic - [blank_start]Excellent[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
vertical
-
fixed-angle
-
swinging bucket
-
continuous flow
-
Poor
-
Good
-
Excellent
-
Good
-
Excellent
-
Poor
-
Excellent
-
Poor
-
Good
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
This is a [blank_start]continuous flow[blank_end] rotors.
(Type of separation - Efficiency)
Pelleting - [blank_start]Poor[blank_end]
Rate zonal - [blank_start]Excellent[blank_end]
Isopycnic - [blank_start]Adequate[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
continuous flow
-
fixed-angle
-
vertical
-
swinging bucket
-
Poor
-
Excellent
-
Adequate
-
Excellent
-
Poor
-
Adequate
-
Adequate
-
Poor
-
Excellent
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Centrifugal rotors are rated for [blank_start]maximum operating speed[blank_end]. The rating is established by [blank_start]the manufacturer[blank_end] based on [blank_start]construction materials[blank_end] and [blank_start]design[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
maximum operating speed
-
size
-
average operating speed
-
user satisfaction
-
the manufacturer
-
a scientific commitee
-
construction materials
-
height
-
maximum number of samples
-
design
-
radius
-
balance
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
De-rating is the reduction in maximum operating [blank_start]speed[blank_end] after a period of use. The de-rating schedule is established by [blank_start]the manufacturer[blank_end]. It prolongs the useful life of the rotor, albeit at a lower maximum operating [blank_start]speed[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
speed
-
time
-
frequency
-
the manufacturer
-
the user
-
a scientific committee
-
speed
-
frequency
-
time
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
The picture depicts [blank_start]pelleting[blank_end], which happens when using a [blank_start]fixed angle[blank_end] rotor to centrifuge until the particles sediment to the bottom of the tube.
Respuesta
-
pelleting
-
rate zonal centrifugation
-
isopycnic centrifugation
-
fixed angle
-
vertical
-
swinging bucket
-
continuous flow
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
[blank_start]Differential pelleting[blank_end] happens after repeating centrifugation at higher RCFs. The pellets sediment to the bottom based on size and mass
([blank_start]Nuclei[blank_end] > [blank_start]Chloroplast[blank_end] > [blank_start]Mitochondria[blank_end])
Respuesta
-
Differential pelleting
-
Rate zonal centrifugation
-
Isopycnic centrifugation
-
pelleting
-
Nuclei
-
Chloroplast
-
Mitochondria
-
Chloroplast
-
Nuclei
-
Mitochondria
-
Mitochondria
-
Nuclei
-
Chloroplast
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
This is [blank_start]rate zonal centrifugation[blank_end], which separates particles based on mass and shape. The sample is stabilized by a [blank_start]sucrose[blank_end] gradient so that sedimentations happen in layers (sedimentation constants proportional to [blank_start]molecular weight[blank_end]).
A [blank_start]swinging bucket[blank_end] rotor is used for analytical purposes and small-scale preps, while a [blank_start]vertical[blank_end] rotor is used for larger particles.
Respuesta
-
rate zonal centrifugation
-
pelleting
-
differential pelleting
-
isopycnic centrifugation
-
sucrose
-
glucose
-
molecular weight
-
size
-
density
-
swinging bucket
-
vertical
-
fixed angle
-
continuous flow
-
vertical
-
fixed angle
-
swinging bucket
-
continuous flow
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
This is [blank_start]isopycnic centrifugation[blank_end], or equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. In this kind of centrifugation, migration stops when particle [blank_start]density[blank_end] equals medium [blank_start]density[blank_end].
For this kind of centrifugation, a [blank_start]vertical[blank_end] rotor is fast and produces high resolution. A [blank_start]fixed angle[blank_end] rotor produces a high resolution, and a [blank_start]swinging bucket[blank_end] rotor has a high capacity.
Respuesta
-
isopycnic centrifugation
-
pelleting
-
rate zonal centrifugation
-
differential pelleting
-
density
-
heat energy
-
density
-
heat energy
-
vertical
-
swinging bucket
-
fixed angle
-
continuous flow
-
fixed angle
-
vertical
-
swinging bucket
-
swinging bucket
-
vertical
-
fixed angle
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
Label as it applies to the pictured centrifugation ([blank_start]isopycnic[blank_end]):
Typical gradients:
[blank_start]CsCl[blank_end] (most common)
[blank_start]Percoll[blank_end] (common)
[blank_start]Ca2SO4[blank_end] (occasionally)
Typical starting density = [blank_start]1.55[blank_end] CsCl/mL
Density or buoyant density (p) in CsCl
Protens = [blank_start]1.3[blank_end]
dsDNA = [blank_start]1.6-1.7[blank_end]
RNA = [blank_start]1.75-1.8[blank_end]
p is used to separate and characterize [blank_start]DNA[blank_end]
p = 1.660 + 0.098*(G + C)
where (G + C) = [blank_start]mole[blank_end] fraction
Respuesta
-
isopycnic
-
fixed angle
-
continuous flow
-
swinging bucket
-
CsCl
-
Percoll
-
Ca2SO4
-
Percoll
-
Ca2SO4
-
CsCl
-
Ca2SO4
-
CsCl
-
Percoll
-
1.55
-
1.15
-
5.11
-
5.51
-
1.3
-
1.16
-
1.8
-
1.6-1.7
-
1.3-1.6
-
1.75-1.8
-
1.75-1.8
-
1.3-1.6
-
1.6-1.7
-
DNA
-
RNA
-
Chloroplasts
-
mole
-
density
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
In plants, G + C (the mole fraction) may be too similar to separate and characterize DNA using isopycnic centrifugation. In this case, one would have to isolate the organelles to get the DNA.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Label with the corresponding type of gradient
Respuesta
-
Linear Gradient
-
Concave Gradient
-
Convex Gradient
-
Step Gradient
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Which of the following are continuous density gradients?
Respuesta
-
Linear
-
Concave
-
Convex
-
Step
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Which type of gradient is the most common?
Respuesta
-
Linear
-
Concave
-
Convex
-
Step
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
Which of the following would likely show a step gradient after centrifugation?
Respuesta
-
Cells
-
Organelles
-
Chlorophyll
-
DNA
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
The picture depicts a [blank_start]gradient maker[blank_end]: a [blank_start]two[blank_end]-chambered apparatus that controls the mixing of two solutions to form a gradient.
Respuesta
-
gradient maker
-
Hamilton machine
-
gradient chamber
-
two
-
three
-
four
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
Which of the following are self-forming gradients?
Respuesta
-
CsCl
-
CsSO4
-
Percoll
-
Chlorophyll
-
Hemoglobin
-
Fibrinogen
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
The method used to separate the supernatant from pellet with minimal cross-contamination depends on ____________.
Respuesta
-
the position of the pellet
-
the viscosity of the supernatant
-
the type of container used
-
the density of the supernatant
-
the molecular weight of the pellet
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
Which of these are methods of removing a supernatant?
Respuesta
-
Pour method
-
Pipet method
-
Propagation method
-
Resuspension method
-
Sedimentation method
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Which of these are resuspension methods?
Respuesta
-
Inversion
-
Shaking
-
Vortexing
-
Pipet
-
Pour
-
Chaos
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Which of these are methods of recovering bands?
Respuesta
-
Pipet method
-
Syringe method
-
Drip method
-
Float method
-
Pour method
-
Vortex method
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
One way of concentrating samples is through [blank_start]precipitation[blank_end], where one centrifuges to pellet and collects the precipitate. Then one resuspends the pellet in the buffer to the desired concentration.
[blank_start]Nucleic Acids[blank_end]
- Ethanol
- Isopropanol
[blank_start]Proteins[blank_end]
- Acetone
- Ammonium sulfate
- Isopropanol
- Trichloroacetic acid
Respuesta
-
precipitation
-
spin collumns
-
Nucleic Acids
-
Proteins
-
Proteins
-
Nucleic Acids
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
One way of concentrating samples is [blank_start]spin columns[blank_end], where one centrifuges a tube with 2 chambers with a [blank_start]molecular weight[blank_end] cut off membrane separating the compartments. Before centrifugation, the upper chamber contains a [blank_start]dilute[blank_end] sample. The lower chamber collects the [blank_start]filtrate[blank_end] during centrifugation, while the lip surrounding the membrane collects the [blank_start]concentrated sample[blank_end] in the upper chamber.
Respuesta
-
spin columns
-
precipitation
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molecular weight
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density
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size selection
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filtrate
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concentrated sample
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concentrated sample
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filtrate
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dilute
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concentrated
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
To recover samples from small-volume solutions, pulse-spin the tube to accumulate liquid at the ____________ of the tube.
Respuesta
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top
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bottom
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