Obiol session 7-11

1. 1what is the purpose of the epithelium

   1. Acovers or lines all body surfaces, cavities, and tubes
   2. Bconnected to each other via cell junctions
   3. Csupported by a basement membrane
   4. Dnot good against mechanical abrasions
   5. Egood for absorption/secretion
2. 2What type of epithelial tissue matches the following description
   
   - lines blood vessels and air sacs of lungs
   - permits exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gases

   1. Asimple squamous
   2. Bsimple cuboidal
   3. Cstratified squamous
   4. Dstratified cuboidal
3. 3what type of epithelial tissue matches the following descriptions
   - lines kidney tubules and glands
   - secretes and reabsorbs water and small molecules
   
   [blank_start]Simple cuboidal[blank_end]

   1. ASimple cuboidal
4. 4What type epithelial tissues matches the following description
   
   - lines most digestive organs
   - absorbs nutrients, produces mucus
   
   [blank_start]simple columnar[blank_end]

   1. Asimple columnar
5. 5what type of epithelial tissue matches the following descriptions
   
   - outer layer of skin, mouth, vagina
   - protects against abrasion, drying out, infection

   1. Astratified squamous
   2. Bstratified cuboidal
   3. Cstratified columnar
6. 6what type of epithelial tissue matches the following descriptions
   
   - lines ducts of sweat glands
   - secretes water and ions
   
   [blank_start]stratified cuboidal[blank_end]

   1. Astratified cuboidal
7. 7What type of epithelial tissue matches the description
   
   - lines epididymis, mammary glands, larynx
   - secretes mucus
   
   [blank_start]stratified columnar[blank_end]
   

   1. Astratified columnar
8. 8the [blank_start]basement membrane[blank_end] is composed of the basal lamina and the reticular lamina

   1. Abasement membrane
9. 9The lamina lucida appears dark under the microscope and the lamina dense appears clear under the microscope

   1. AVerdadero
   2. BFalso
10. 10the type of epithelium is characterized by what?

    1. Anumber of cell layers
    2. Bshape of cells
    3. Cpresence of specialization (i.e. cilia, flagella)
    4. Dcolor of the cells
    5. Eamount of nucleus
    6. Fpresence of vascularization

11. 11What type of epithelia is this one?
    
    - consists of single layer of cells
    - found at interfaces for selective diffusion, absorption, or secretion
    - not good against mechanical abrasions
    - examples: alveoli of lungs, lining of blood vessels
    
    [blank_start]simple epithelia[blank_end]

    1. Asimple epithelia
12. 12what type of epithelia looks like flattened irregularly shaped cells forming a continuous surface?
    
    [blank_start]simple squamous epithelia[blank_end]

    1. Asimple squamous epithelia
13. 13which type of epithelium lines small ducts or tubules
    
    [blank_start]simple cuboidal epithelium[blank_end]

    1. Asimple cuboidal epithelium
14. 14which epithelial tissue is found in highly absorptive or secretory surfaces
    (small intestine, lining of the stomach)
    
    [blank_start]simple columnar epithelium[blank_end]

    1. Asimple columnar epithelium
15. 15which epithelial tissue is found in large airways of the respiratory system
    
    [blank_start]pseudostratified columnar ciliated[blank_end]

    1. Apseudostratified columnar ciliated
16. 16Stratified epithelium is good for absorption and secretion

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
17. 17what is the main function of the stratified epithelium

    1. Aprotections, resistance of physical stress
    2. Belasticity
    3. Cwaterproof
    4. Dstratified to adapt to sloughing of cells
18. 18which epithelial tissue withstands abrasions and is found in oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus
    
    [blank_start]stratified squamous epithelium[blank_end]

    1. Astratified squamous epithelium
19. 19which of the following is correct when stratified squamous is keratinized

    1. Aadapt to withstand abrasion and desiccation
    2. Bmature epithelial cells accumulate keratin
    3. Ckeratinized layer is non-living
    4. Dcan be induced in normally non-keratinizing epithelium
    5. Ekeratinized layer is living
    6. Fdead epithelial cells accumulate keratin
20. 20[blank_start]Stratified cuboidal[blank_end] is usually only 2-3 cells thick and confined to large excretory ducts of exocrine glands (salivary glands)

    1. AStratified cuboidal
    2. Bstratified squamous
    3. Cstratified columnar
    4. Dtransitional
21. 21[blank_start]Transitional[blank_end] epithelium is in the urinary tract and is able to withstand stretch and toxicity of urine.

    1. ATransitional
22. 22what type of intercellular junctions seal intercellular space and includes occludins, claudin proteins, and junctional adhesion molecules

    1. Atight junctions
    2. Bdesmosomes
    3. Cgap junctions
    4. Dadheren junctions
23. 23what is the function of the belt desmosomes (adheren junctions)

    1. Aanchors adjacent cells together in a belt
    2. Ballows for the passage of water
    3. Canchors adjacent cells together in a spot
    4. Dallows large proteins to pass
24. 24what is the function of gap junctions

    1. Aallows for molecules to pass between cells
    2. Bseals intercellular spaces
    3. Canchors proteins to cell walls
25. 25[blank_start]Desmosomes[blank_end] anchor adjacent cells together in a spot

    1. ADesmosomes
26. 26belt demosomes are referred to as zonula adherens
    
    desmosomes are referred to as macular adherens
    
    tight junctions are referred to as zonula occludens

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
27. 27[blank_start]Cilia[blank_end] are motile "hairs" that propel mucus or films

    1. ACilia
28. 28[blank_start]Microvilli[blank_end] are short finger-like projections that increase surface are for absorption

    1. AMicrovilli
29. 29[blank_start]goblet cells[blank_end] are modified columnar epithelial cells that secrete mucous

    1. Agoblet cells
30. 30[blank_start]Fordyce's granules[blank_end] are sebaceous glands made of epithelial cells to secrete mucous for lubrication

    1. AFordyce's granules
31. 31[blank_start]linea alba[blank_end] is too much friction so the supper layer becomes keratinized usually by grinding or clenching

    1. Alinea alba
32. 32[blank_start]Sloughing[blank_end] of cells is when a mouthwash can possible remove some of the upper layer of tissues on the surface of oral tissues or placing an aspirin directly on top of oral sores

    1. ASloughing
33. 33what is the function of blood

    1. Atransport of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, enzymes, metabolic waste
    2. Bhomeostasis of temperature and pH
    3. Cprotection and immunity
    4. Dfilter out toxins
    5. Etransport of lymph
34. 34Put in the correct percentages
    
    [blank_start]55[blank_end] % of the total volume of blood is plasma
    [blank_start]45[blank_end] % of red blood cells
    
    

    1. A55
    2. B45
35. 35fill in the correct proteins of the plasma with its definition
    
    [blank_start]Albumin[blank_end] - binds to hydrophobic materials
    [blank_start]globulin[blank_end] - antibodies, transport of heavy metals and lipids
    [blank_start]fibrinogen[blank_end] - blood clotting

    1. AAlbumin
    2. Bglobulin
    3. Cfibrinogen
36. 36select the correct descriptions of the red blood cells

    1. Areferred to as erythrocytes
    2. Bcontains an iron binding heme moiety and globin proteins called hemoglobin
    3. Ctransport oxygen and carbon dioxide
    4. Dno oxygen
    5. Ebiconcave disc shape allows cell to squeeze through vessels smaller than itself
    6. Flifespan of 120 days and 4 micrometers in diameter
    7. Gfilled with plasma in the "dent" of the disc
    8. Hcontains mitochondria and ribosomes and golgi
37. 37Sickle cell anemia is when the red blood cells are deformed due to mutation in hemoglobin gene. The sickle shape restricts blood flow to organs and clots blood. Although it is believed to be protective against malaria

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
38. 38[blank_start]reticulocyte[blank_end] are immature erythrocyte and contains organelles such as mitochondria, ribosomes, golgi

    1. Areticulocyte
39. 39check only the granulocytes

    1. Aneutrophil
    2. Beosinophil
    3. Cbasophil
    4. Dlymphocyte
    5. Emonocyte
40. 40Lymphocyte and monocyte are granulocyte

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
41. 41what type of while blood cell is the following (answer either granulocyte or agranulocyte)
    
    - multilobed nucleus
    - prominent cytoplasmic secretory granules
    - names according to staining characteristics
    - includes neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil
    
    [blank_start]granulocyte[blank_end]

    1. Agranulocyte
42. 42Neutrophils are the most abundant type of WBC

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
43. 43select the correct description of neutrophil

    1. Aassociated with inflammation
    2. Bphagocytic
    3. Cstained neutral pink
    4. Dgranules
    5. E2-5 lobed
    6. Fstained red with eosin
    7. G2 lobed
    8. Hstain blue/purple with basic stain
44. 44select the correct stain for eosinophil

    1. Ared
    2. Bblue/purple
    3. Cneutral pink
45. 45select the correct characteristics of the eosinophil

    1. Aassociated with asthma and allergy
    2. Bbi lobed
    3. Cassociated with inflammation
    4. Dassociated with blood clotting
    5. Etri lobed
46. 46what is the least common WBC

    1. Abasophil
    2. Beosinophil
    3. Cneutrophil
47. 47What WBC matches the following description
    
    - functions are largely unknown through associated with allergies and inflammation
    - stain blue/purple with basic stains
    - bi lobed
    
    [blank_start]basophil[blank_end]

    1. Abasophil
48. 48Label the three granulocytes

    

    1. Abasophil
    2. Bneutrophil
    3. Ceosinophil
49. 49[blank_start]Agranulocytes[blank_end] are non-lobulated nuclei and includes lymphocytes and monocytes

    1. AAgranulocytes
50. 50Type in the correct type of lymphocytes based on the description
    
    [blank_start]T Cells[blank_end]
    - develop in the thymus
    - part of adaptive immune response
    - many subtypes
    
    [blank_start]B Cells[blank_end]
    - develop in the bone marrow
    - recognize antigens to make antibodies
    - part of adaptive immune response
    
    [blank_start]Natural Killer (NK) cells[blank_end]
    - part of innate immune system

    1. AT Cells
    2. BB Cells
    3. CNatural Killer (NK) cells
51. 51the monocytes are the smallest WBC

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
52. 52The nucleus of the lymphocytes is round and dense

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
53. 53select the correct description of monocytes

    1. Arespond to inflammation
    2. Breplenish macrophage population upon activation
    3. Cmotile and phagocytic
    4. Dlarge, irregular nucleus (kidney or pacman shaped)
    5. Eless intensely stained than other WBC
54. 54[blank_start]Platelets[blank_end] are thrombocytes with no nucleus. It is derived from cell fragments of megakaryocytes and it is responsible for hemostasis or blood clotting

    1. APlatelets
55. 55Platelets are larger than RBC.
    They are non-nucleated

    1. Astatement 1 is wrong
       statement 2 is right
    2. Bboth statements are wrong
    3. Cboth statements are right
    4. Dstatement 1 is right
       statement 2 is wrong
56. 56how are platelets activated

    1. Aactivated by exposure to molecules released by damaged tissue (including collagen)
    2. Bactivated by hormonal changes of injuries
    3. Cactivated by pH change as internal environment is exposed to external environment
    4. Dactivated by pain receptors
57. 57The inactivated state of platelets is round and smooth

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
58. 58[blank_start]Hemophilia[blank_end] is the lack of clotting factors

    1. AHemophilia
59. 59[blank_start]von Willebrand's[blank_end] is the factor that allows platelets to stick

    1. Avon Willebrand's
60. 60[blank_start]Muscles[blank_end] functions in movement, posture, joint stability, heat generation

    1. AMuscles
61. 61Write in the correct characteristics of muscles given the definition
    
    [blank_start]Excitability[blank_end] - reacts to stimuli
    [blank_start]Contractibility[blank_end] - able to shorten/contract
    [blank_start]extensibility[blank_end] - able to lengthen/stretch
    [blank_start]elasticity[blank_end] - able to return to original shape/recoil

    1. AExcitability
    2. BContractibility
    3. Cextensibility
    4. Delasticity
62. 62which type of muscles is striated

    1. Acardiac
    2. Bskeletal
    3. Csmooth
63. 63which type of muscles is involuntary

    1. Acardiac
    2. Bsmooth
    3. Cskeletal
64. 64Sarcomere gives the striated look

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
65. 65what's the sarcomere composed off

    1. Aactin - thin filament
    2. Bmyosin - think filament
    3. Ctitin
    4. Dtroponin
    5. Etropomyosin
66. 66Sarcomere does not use ATP to generate contraction

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
67. 67Label the following parts of the sarcomere (don't add hyphens so that the question marks it right! )

    

    1. AA Band
    2. BM line
    3. CI band
    4. DZ disc
    5. ESarcomere
    6. FZ Disc
68. 68[blank_start]T Tubule[blank_end] are transverse tubule and are deep invaginations of sarcolemma and allows for rapid depolarization

    1. AT Tubule
69. 69What is the power stroke

    1. Aduring contractions the myosin head bends and ADP and phosphate is released and then ATP attaches to the myosin head to detach the cross bridge
    2. Bthe powerful pull of the actin head during contraction
    3. Cthe release of calcium into the sarcomere which causes myosin heads to attach to the actin
70. 70select the correct description for skeletal muscles

    1. AUnder voluntary control
    2. BAttached to bone via tendons
    3. CClassified in different ways: slow and fast twitch, red and white fibers, according to myosin heavy chain subtypes
    4. DCoordinated rhythmic
       contraction to propel
       blood
    5. EFound in areas where
       low force is necessary
71. 71What type of muscles follows this description
    
    - anaerobic
    - pale in colour
    - low blood supply
    - fatigue rapidly
    - low number of capillaries and mitochondria
    - in sprinters
    
    [blank_start]fast twitch muscles[blank_end]

    1. Afast twitch muscles
72. 72What time of skeletal muscles is this one
    
    - aerobic
    - red in colour
    - high blood supply
    - fatigue slowly
    - high number of capillaries/mitochondria
    - marathoner
    
    [blank_start]slow twitch muscles[blank_end]

    1. Aslow twitch muscles
    2. Bfast twitch muscles
73. 73How are skeletal muscles organized
    
    - Entire muscle is covered by [blank_start]epimysium[blank_end]
    - Within the muscle are fascicles which are covered by [blank_start]perimysium[blank_end]
    - Within fascicles are myofibrils (muscle fibers) which are covered by
    [blank_start]endomysium[blank_end]
    - Within each myofibril are [blank_start]myofilaments[blank_end] (which result in the sarcomeric banding pattern)
    

    1. Aepimysium
    2. Bperimysium
    3. Cendomysium
    4. Dmyofilaments
74. 74select the correct skeletal muscle histology

    1. ALong, cylindrical
    2. BMultinucleated
    3. CStriated
    4. DFlattened nuclei at edges
    5. ESeparated by connective tissue
    6. Funstriated
    7. Guninucleated
75. 75[blank_start]Neuromuscular junction[blank_end]- synapse where motor neuron
    and muscle fiber interact

    1. ANeuromuscular junction
76. 76Nerve + all the muscle fibers it innervates = [blank_start]motor unit[blank_end]

    1. Amotor unit
77. 77select the characteristics of cardiac muscle

    1. AFound only in the
       heart
    2. BInvoluntary
    3. CCoordinated rhythmic
       contraction to propel
       blood
    4. DPreviously believed to
       be unable to
       regenerate but ~1%
       of cells renew/year.
    5. EVoluntary
    6. Fstriated
    7. Gunstriated
78. 78Which type of muscles has the following description
    
    - Long, cylindrical
    - Branched
    - Multinucleated
    - Striated
    - Centrally located nuclei
    - Contain intercalated discs
    
    [blank_start]Cardiac muscles[blank_end]

    1. ACardiac muscles
79. 79what are macula adherens in intercalated disc

    1. AConnect adjacent
       cardiomyocytes
    2. BActs as
       an anchoring site for
       actin
    3. CFacilitate signal
       propagation/
       depolarization
80. 80what is the fascia adherens

    1. AConnect adjacent
       cardiomyocytes
    2. BActs as
       an anchoring site for
       actin
    3. CFacilitate signal
       propagation/
       depolarization
81. 81Gap junctions facilitate signal propagation/ depolarization

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
82. 82[blank_start]Cardiomyocytes[blank_end] have inherent rhythmicity and
    can communicate to synchronize activity in the
    absence of nervous innervation

    1. ACardiomyocytes
83. 83In cardiac muscles, High [blank_start]metabolic[blank_end] demand means lots of capillaries and lots of mitochondria

    1. Ametabolic
84. 84select the right characteristics for smooth muscles

    1. AFound in areas where
       low force is necessary
    2. BInvoluntary
    3. CNo sarcomeres - intermediate filament bundles instead
    4. DSpindle shaped cells
    5. ECentral nucleus
    6. Fvoluntary
    7. Ground shaped cells
    8. HUsually arranged in
       sheets with
       perpendicular
       orientations ie.
       Longitudinal and
       circular
    9. IMay have gap
       junctions to facilitate
       spread of excitation
85. 85[blank_start]Neurons[blank_end] : cells that convey electrical signals
    [blank_start]Glial cells[blank_end] : multiple types of support cells
    [blank_start]Blood vessels[blank_end] : supply nutrients

    1. ANeurons
    2. BGlial cells
    3. CBlood vessels
86. 86label the types of the neurons

    

    1. AMultipolar neuron
    2. Bbipolar neuron
    3. CPseudo-unipolar neuron
    4. Dunipolar neuron
87. 87label the following

    

    1. Acell body
    2. Bnucleus
    3. Cdendrite
    4. Dmyelin sheath
    5. Eaxon hillock
    6. Faxon
    7. Gterminal aborization
    8. Hterminal button
88. 88what kind of neuron has the following description
    
    - Two extensions from
    the cell body
    - Specialized sensory
    neurons
    -  Receptor cells in
    retina, olfactory
    epithelium and
    vestibular organs

    1. ABipolar
    2. BMultipolar
    3. CPseudounipolar
89. 89which type of neuron has the following characteristic
    
    - Single, long axon
    - Multiple dendrites ( allows for integration of many signals form multiple neurons)
    - Motor, integrating and
    intermediate neurons

    1. Amultipolar
    2. BBipolar
    3. CPseudounipolar
90. 90In Pseudounipolar neurons, they has a split axon. Therefore, [blank_start]Shorter[blank_end] extension that goes to the [blank_start]CNS[blank_end] is called the central. The [blank_start]Longer[blank_end] extension goes to the [blank_start]periphery[blank_end] is called the peripheral.
    
    

    1. AShorter
    2. Blonger
    3. CLonger
    4. Dshorter
    5. ECNS
    6. Fperiphery
    7. Gperiphery
    8. Hcentral
91. 91the Multipolar neuron plays a role in Primary sensory
    neurons in the peripheral nervous system

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
92. 92type in the correct neuron structure with its description
    
    [blank_start]Cell body[blank_end] (soma) : contains the nucleus and cell organelles
    
    [blank_start]Nucleus[blank_end] : controls the cellular processes of the neuron, Located in the soma
    
    [blank_start]Dendrite[blank_end] : branched processes which receive signals and conduct them towards the soma.
    
    [blank_start]Axon[blank_end] : process that conducts signals away from the soma.
    
    [blank_start]Axon hillock[blank_end] : part of the soma that gives rise to the axon. Contains no rough ER or polysomes and therefore appears “clearer” on micrographs.
    
    

    1. ACell body
    2. BNucleus
    3. CDendrite
    4. DAxon
    5. EAxon hillock
93. 93Myelin sheath are formed by [blank_start]Schwann cell[blank_end] (PNS) or [blank_start]oligodendrocytes[blank_end] (CNS). plasma membranes of Schwann
    cell/oligodendrocyte that encircle the axon and produces myelin as an insulating substance
    

    1. ASchwann cell
    2. Boligodendrocytes
94. 94the Myelin decreases the rate of action potential conduction

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
95. 95all neurons are myelinated

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
96. 96label the following parts of myelin formation

    

    1. Aaxon
    2. BSchwann cell cytoplasm
    3. Cmesaxon
    4. DSchwann cell nucleus
    5. Emyelin sheath
97. 97[blank_start]Schwann cell[blank_end] is a the glial (support) cells of the nerve. It is either myelinated or non myelinated

    1. ASchwann cell
98. 98select the correct description of nodes of Ranvier

    1. AGaps in the myelin
       sheath
    2. BExposes neuron to
       extracellular space
    3. CAllows for saltatory
       conduction
       consequently
       increased speed of
       neurotransmission
    4. Dreduce friction of the axon
    5. Ethe nodes allow of signals to activate saltatory conduction
99. 99[blank_start]Saltatory conduction[blank_end] allows for electrical signals to “jump” from one node of Ranvier to the next. Dramatically speeds up propagation of signal as only a small portion of the membrane becomes [blank_start]depolarized[blank_end].

    1. ASaltatory conduction
    2. Bdepolarized
100. 100Multiple sclerosis occurs when Myelin sheath is damaged and electrical conduction of signals by neurons is impaired

     1. AVerdadero
     2. BFalso
101. 101what is the purpose of terminal arborization

     1. AAllows for simultaneous transmission of signal to large number of target neurons (or muscle fibers if it is a neuromuscular junction)
     2. Bblocks the signals from going further until the next dendrite is ready to receive the signal, so that the signal does "fall out" or get lost
     3. Cto filter and check the signal's quality
     4. Dto ensure that the signal is strong enough in case the signal needs to be sent again to avoid "miscommunication"
102. 102select the correct description for the terminal button

     1. Abulging end of the
        axon
     2. BReleases chemical
        messengers into the
        synaptic cleft which
        then diffuse to the
        target neuron or
        muscle
     3. CAllows for
        simultaneous
        transmission of signal
     4. DTransmission of action
        potential from one
        neuron to another or to
        an effector cell
103. 103how does the synapse transmit the action potential from one
     neuron to another or to an effector cell?

     1. Avia the release of neurotransmitters
     2. Bvia the release of proteins
     3. Cvia the release of calcium
     4. Dvia the release of hormones
104. 104At the synapses, synaptic vesicles fuse with
     plasma membrane of [blank_start]terminal button[blank_end]. Vesicular contents are released into [blank_start]synaptic cleft[blank_end]. Transmitters diffuse across
     the synaptic cleft and bind on receptors on [blank_start]effector cell[blank_end]

     1. Aterminal button
     2. Bsynaptic cleft
     3. Ceffector cell
105. 105label the following parts of the synapse

     

     1. Amyelin sheath
     2. Baxon
     3. Cterminal button
     4. Dsynaptic vesicle
     5. Epresynaptic membrane
     6. Fsynaptic cleft
     7. Gpostsynaptic membrane
     8. Heffector cell
106. 106the motor end plate/ neuromuscular junction is the nerve/skeletal connection

     1. AVerdadero
     2. BFalso
107. 107the [blank_start]Central[blank_end] nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord while the [blank_start]Peripheral[blank_end] nervous system includes all other nerves and specialized structures.

     1. ACentral
     2. BPeripheral
108. 108The [blank_start]autonomic[blank_end] system involves [blank_start]involuntary[blank_end] visceral functions. It is split into the sympathetic and parasympathetic system.
     
     The [blank_start]somatic[blank_end] system involves control of skeletal muscle ie. [blank_start]voluntary[blank_end] actions. It is divided into the sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)

     1. Aautonomic
     2. Bsomatic
     3. Cinvoluntary
     4. Dvoluntary
109. 109Sympathetic NS is arousing and considered to be fight or flight
     
     Parasympathetic NS is calming and considered to be rest and digest or calming.

     1. AVerdadero
     2. BFalso
110. 110From the inner layer to the outer layer, in the correct order form in to out, what is the three layers of the protective connective tissue layers

     1. Apia mater - arachnoid mater - dura mater
     2. Bdura mater - pia mater - arachnoid mater
     3. Cpia mater - dura mater - arachnoid mater
111. 111Grey matter consists or neuronal cell bodies.
     
     White matter consists of only myelinated axons.

     1. ABoth statements are wrong
     2. Bboth statements are right
     3. Conly statement 1 is right
     4. Donly statement 2 is right
112. 112the cerebral spinal fluid is Between the arachnoid and pia, and in canal of spine and it provides protection

     1. AVerdadero
     2. BFalso
113. 113for the brain
     - grey matter on [blank_start]outside[blank_end]
     - white matter on [blank_start]inside[blank_end]
     
     For the spinal cord
     - white matter on [blank_start]outside[blank_end]
     - grey matter on [blank_start]inside[blank_end]

     1. Aoutside
     2. Binside
     3. Cinside
     4. Doutside
     5. Eoutside
     6. Finside
     7. Ginside
     8. Houtside
114. 114select the description of the brain

     1. AContains multiple types of
        supporting glial cells
     2. BProtected by the blood brain
        barrier (BBB)
     3. CHighly vascular
     4. Dincludes the choroid plexus that covers the ventricles and releases CSF
     5. EKnown as the “glue” of the nervous system
     6. FSupport the cells that form
        the blood brain barrier
115. 115[blank_start]Glial cells[blank_end] is the glue of the nervous system and supports the cells of the nervous system. It functions to secure neurons in place, supply oxygen and nutrients to neurons, insulate neurons, destroy pathogens, and remove dead cells.

     1. AGlial cells
116. 116what are the different types of glial cells

     1. AAstrocyte
     2. BOligodendrocyte
     3. CMicroglia
     4. DEpendymal cells
     5. Emeninges
     6. FEndothelial cells
     7. GPericytes
117. 117what type of glial cells have the following description
     
     - Most abundant cell in the brain
     - Star shaped
     - Support the cells that form the blood brain barrier
     - Provides nutrients to neurons (glycogen reserve that can supply neurons in times of need )
     - Repairs neurons after injury
     
     [blank_start]astrocyte[blank_end]
     

     1. Aastrocyte
118. 118what type of glial cell have the following description
     
     - The “Schwann cells” of the central nervous system
     - Provides support and insulation to neurons
     - Produces myelin to facilitate saltatory conduction through the formation of Nodes of Ranvier
     
     [blank_start]oligodendrocyte[blank_end]
     

     1. Aoligodendrocyte
119. 119what type of microglia cells have the following description
     - Resident macrophage of the CNS
     - Removes plaques (extracellular deposits of amyloid protein), damaged neurons, pathogens
     

     1. Amicroglia
     2. Boligodendrocytes
     3. Cependymal cells
     4. Dastrocytes
120. 120What is this glial cell?
     
     - Lines the ventricles and canals of the brain and spinal cord
     -Ciliated, simple cuboidal cells
     -Also contain microvilli  Responsible for producing and circulating CSF
     -Have modified tight junctions to allow for selective movement of CSF
     
     [blank_start]ependymal cells[blank_end]

     1. Aependymal cells
121. 121the cerebral cortex is the composed of [blank_start]gyri[blank_end] (ridges) and [blank_start]sulci[blank_end] (depressions)
     

     1. Agyri
     2. Bsulci
122. 122label the 6 cerebral cortex layers

     

     1. AMolecular
     2. BExternal granular
     3. CExternal pyramidal
     4. DInternal granular
     5. EInternal pyramidal
     6. FPolymorphic/multiform
123. 123What has the following functions
     
      Coordination,
     precision, timing of
     motor control
      Attention
      Language
      Regulation of fear and
     pleasure
     
     [blank_start]cerebellum[blank_end]

     1. Acerebellum
124. 124the cerebellum is composed of the outer cortex and inner grey matter

     1. AVerdadero
     2. BFalso
125. 125the outer layer of the cerebellum is the molecular layer, purkinje layer, and the granular layer

     1. AVerdadero
     2. BFalso
126. 126The [blank_start]blood brain barrier[blank_end] is composed of network of capillaries with a large number of tight junctions. it separates blood from the brain extracellular fluid. The highly selectively permeable to protect the brain from [blank_start]pathogens[blank_end] .

     1. Ablood brain barrier
     2. Bpathogens
127. 127what is the blood brain barrier made of

     1. AEndothelial cells with tight junctions
     2. BPericytes
     3. CAstrocytes
     4. Dglial cells
     5. Espinal fluid
128. 128what is the pericytes

     1. AA contractile cell that wraps around
        endothelial cells and helps regulate
        capillary blood flow
     2. BCell that supports and helps maintain the other
        cells involved
     3. CHave modified tight
        junctions to allow for
        selective movement of
        CSF
129. 129select the descriptions that match the choroid plexus

     1. AFound in the ventricles of
        the brain
     2. BResponsible for producing
        cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
     3. CMany associated blood
        vessels
     4. DMain conduit between
        the brain and the rest
        of the body
     5. EExternal white matter,
        internal grey matter
130. 130what part of the nervous system have the following descriptions?
     
     - Main conduit between the brain and the rest of the body
     - Gives rise to the spinal nerves
     - Reflex actions may pass through spinal cord but may bypass
     the brain
     - External white matter, internal grey matter
     - covered by meninges (dura, arachnoid, pia)
     
     [blank_start]spinal cord[blank_end]
     

     1. Aspinal cord
131. 131the spinal cord gives rise to

     1. Acervical spinal nerves
     2. Bthoracic spinal nerves
     3. Clumbar spinal nerves
     4. Dsacral spinal nerves
     5. Echoroid plexus
     6. Fblood brain barrier
132. 132in the spinal cord, the ration of white matter to grey matter varies depending on the level of the spinal cord

     1. AVerdadero
     2. BFalso
133. 133the shapes of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral nervous system all looks different

     1. AVerdadero
     2. BFalso
134. 134which nervous system has their nerves and their associated ganglia (bundle of cell bodies) that are outside of the CNS?
     
     [blank_start]peripheral nervous system[blank_end]

     1. Aperipheral nervous system
135. 135what are the characteristics of the peripheral nervous system

     1. AMade up of myelinated and nonmyelinated axons
     2. BCan have both afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) fibers
     3. CAlso contains special sensory organs
     4. DLayers of connective tissue sheaths
     5. Eonly made of myelinated axons
     6. Fdoes not contain sensory organs
136. 136choose the correct term for each of the group of descriptions of a layer of connective tissue sheaths
     
     [blank_start]Epineurium[blank_end]
      Dense connective tissue sheath
      Forms branches/ septa that
     surrounds fascicles
      Binds fascicles together to form
     large nerve
     
     [blank_start]Perineurium[blank_end]
      Connective tissue layer that
     surrounds fascicle
      Covered by flattened epithelial
     cells
     
     [blank_start]Endoneurium[blank_end]
      Loose connective tissue and
     capillaries that surround nerve
     fiber

     1. AEpineurium
     2. BPerineurium
     3. CEndoneurium
137. 137what is Amyotropic lateral sclerosis (aka Lou Gehrig’s disease)

     1. ADegeneration of motor neurons- advanced cases have difficulty
        swallowing
     2. BDegeneration of myelin- treatment medications can lead to oral
        candidiasis, stomatitis, xerostomia
138. 138 Multiple sclerosis is degeneration of myelin- treatment medications can lead to oral candidiasis, stomatitis, xerostomia
     

     1. AVerdadero
     2. BFalso

Descripción

Test sobre Obiol session 7-11 , creado por Elaine Pham el 11/10/2022.

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Elaine Pham

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