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Syntax

Janaína Santos 12 preguntas

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Preguntas del test (12)

  1. 1Whoever had the intention to separate the constituent units of ‘We used to arrive late’ in the oral modality of the language would have many choices: words, morphemes, phonemes, or syllables. Among the now-known units, without any further rigor, [blank_start]syllables[blank_end], and [blank_start]phonemes[blank_end] are empty in meaning, while the others have it.
    1. Asyllables
    2. Bphonemes
  2. 2Syntax, in a temporary and pretentious definition, is the part of that system that allows people to create and interpret [blank_start]sentences[blank_end]. English syntax, that is, comprehend the [blank_start]rules[blank_end] that make it possible to have simple statements, such as ‘Today is Sunday’ or ‘What day is today’, or even eccentric ones, such as ‘Napoleon was afraid that turtles would lay their eggs on his majestic hat’, and that prohibits sequences such as ‘What day are today’ or ‘His majestic was afraid that hat lay eggs on Napoleon turtles’.
    1. Asentences
    2. Brules
  3. 3Distinguishing significant units from non-significant ones implies recognizing two plans of linguistic structuring which coexist naturally in every statement. French linguist André Martinet called this human language property [blank_start]double[blank_end] [blank_start]articulation[blank_end] (MARTINET, 1964). These two plans, [blank_start]content[blank_end], and [blank_start]expression[blank_end], are solidary and interdependent in relation to their function in the speech, although each has its own inner organization. Indeed, the incompatibility in Portuguese between a /š/ and an /r/, makes it impossible a sequence such as /šr/, is merely phonologic, unexplainable in terms of physiology (in English we do have shrimp or shrine) or grammar. On the other hand, the strangeness of “the games are lates” is due to the invariability of adjectives in English in relation to plural forms, which is a grammar fact and not a phonological abnormality as in the Portuguese language example above.
    1. Adouble
    2. Barticulation
    3. Ccontent
    4. Dexpression
  4. 4Martinet, then, called the content plan '[blank_start]first[blank_end] [blank_start]articulation[blank_end]', which includes propositions, words, roots, and affixes, and he called the expression plan '[blank_start]second[blank_end] [blank_start]articulation[blank_end]', whose units – stress, syllables, phonemes – do not have any meaning.
    1. Afirst
    2. Barticulation
    3. Csecond
    4. Darticulation
  5. 5At the level of [blank_start]first[blank_end] articulation, the system consists of the smallest meaningful units available (e.g. morphemes or words in a language). In language, this level of articulation is called the [blank_start]grammatical[blank_end] level. The meaningful units at this level are complete signs, each consisting of a signifier and a signified.
    1. Afirst
    2. Bgrammatical
  6. 6As a part of [blank_start]grammar[blank_end], syntax focuses on the arrangement of words and the structure of [blank_start]sentences[blank_end]. Syntax focuses on the technical aspects of [blank_start]grammar[blank_end]. It looks at how words and phrases are arranged to create [blank_start]grammatically[blank_end] correct sentences. It can also show the relationship between words and [blank_start]phrases[blank_end].
    1. Agrammar
    2. Bsentences
    3. Cgrammar
    4. Dgrammatically
    5. Ephrases
  7. 7The main elements of syntax are:

    a. Sentence and paragraph [blank_start]structure[blank_end];

    b. [blank_start]Word[blank_end] order;

    c. How words, phrases, clauses, and sentences create and affect [blank_start]meaning[blank_end];

    d. Showing the relationship between [blank_start]words[blank_end] and phrases.
    1. Astructure
    2. BWord
    3. Cmeaning
    4. Dwords
  8. 8The most typical words and phrases that go before adjectives (pre-modifiers) are adverb phrases (at phrase level) expressing degree:
    a– He was [blank_start]pretty[blank_end] surprised then.
    b– This cake tastes a [blank_start]bit[blank_end] strange.
    c– Photographs are [blank_start]really[blank_end] cheap nowadays.

    The major exception is the degree adverb [blank_start]enough[blank_end], which goes after the adjective (a post-modifier):
    d– I am strong [blank_start]enough[blank_end] to face difficulties.
    e– Is that car big [blank_start]enough[blank_end] for all of us?

    Other types of adverbs can also go before adjectives:
    f– He had lost his [blank_start]usually[blank_end] calm attitude and become very nervous. (frequency + adjective)
    g– He made an [blank_start]insensitively[blank_end] timed remark that upset her. (comment + adjective)
    1. Apretty
    2. Bbit
    3. Creally
    4. Denough
    5. Eenough
    6. Fenough
    7. Gusually
    8. Hinsensitively
  9. 9The modifying words very and extremely are themselves [blank_start]adverbs[blank_end]. They are called [blank_start]DEGREE[blank_end] ADVERBS because they specify the degree to which an adjective or another adverb applies. [blank_start]Degree[blank_end] adverbs include almost, barely, entirely, highly, quite, slightly, totally, and utterly. [blank_start]Degree[blank_end] adverbs are not gradable (*extremely very).
    1. Aadverbs
    2. BDEGREE
    3. CDegree
    4. DDegree
  10. 10A minimal combination of three criteria for determining the word class of a word must be used:
    1. The [blank_start]meaning[blank_end] of the word (this approach allows people to determine word classes by replacing words in a sentence - words could be grouped together on the basis that they all refer to. Ex: nouns=things, places, proper name/noun, verbs=actions);
    2. The [blank_start]form[blank_end] or '[blank_start]shape[blank_end]' of the word (For example many nouns have a characteristic -tion ending; Similarly, many adjectives end in -able or -ible);
    3. The [blank_start]position[blank_end] or '[blank_start]environment[blank_end]' of the word in a sentence (the normal, or most common, places that a word occurs in a sentence).
    1. Ameaning
    2. Bform
    3. Cshape
    4. Dposition
    5. Eenvironment

Información

Descripción
Test sobre Syntax, creado por Janaína Santos el 27/03/2023.
Idioma
English
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