4142039
Descripción
Test por Rebecca Matthews, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Rebecca Matthews
hace más de 8 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The functions of the urinary system are:
1. [blank_start]volume regulation[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]acid/base balance[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]electrolyte balance[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]elimination of waste[blank_end]
5. [blank_start]Endocrine[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
volume regulation
-
acid/base balance
-
electrolyte balance
-
elimination of waste
-
Endocrine
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
[blank_start]Glomerular filtration[blank_end] is the movement of components of plasma out of the glomereal capillaries into the bowman's capsule.
Respuesta
-
Glomerular filtration
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The functional urine forming unit in the kidney is the [blank_start]nephron[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
nephron
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Trace plasma from an afferent arteriole until it is excreted from the body as urine.
[blank_start]glomerulus[blank_end]--> [blank_start]bowmans capsule[blank_end] --> [blank_start]Proximal Convoluted Duct[blank_end] --> [blank_start]loop of henle[blank_end] --> [blank_start]Distal convoluted duct[blank_end] --> [blank_start]collecting tubule[blank_end] --> [blank_start]papillae[blank_end] --> [blank_start]minor calyces[blank_end] --> [blank_start]major calyces[blank_end] --> [blank_start]pelvis -[blank_end]-> [blank_start]ureter[blank_end] --> [blank_start]bladder[blank_end] --> [blank_start]urethra[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
glomerulus
-
bowmans capsule
-
Proximal Convoluted Duct
-
loop of henle
-
Distal convoluted duct
-
collecting tubule
-
papillae
-
minor calyces
-
major calyces
-
pelvis -
-
ureter
-
bladder
-
urethra
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
The rate at which you form glomelular filtrate is [blank_start]GFR[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
GFR
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
GFR in the average adult male is:
Respuesta
-
120ml/min
-
225ml/min
-
90-95ml/min
-
125ml/min
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
GFR in the average adult female is:
Respuesta
-
90-95ml/min
-
125ml/min
-
80-85ml/min
-
120ml/min
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
The absorption rate of water from glomelular filtrate is [blank_start]99%[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
99%
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
How much of your cardiac output goes to the kidneys?
Respuesta
-
30-35%
-
20-25%
-
10-15%
-
5-10%
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
If a substance is tubularly reabsorbed, then the amount in the urine is [blank_start]less than[blank_end] the amount in the glomerular filtrate.
Respuesta
-
less than
-
greater than
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
label all the structures of the nephron
Respuesta
-
collecting tubule
-
goes to paillae
-
distal convoluted tubule
-
loop of henle
-
proximal convoluted tubule
-
bowman's capsule
-
glomerulus
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
[blank_start]Tubular re-absorption[blank_end] is when you move something form the nephron tubules to the peritubular capillaries. Another way of saying out of the [blank_start]tubule[blank_end] and into the [blank_start]blood[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
Tubular re-absorption
-
tubule
-
blood
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
How is glucose sent across membranes?
Respuesta
-
re-absorption
-
active transport
-
osmosis
-
glomelular filtration
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Clearing is the ability of the kidney to remove substances from your blood.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
What determines the amount of a substance in glomelular filtrate (ex: glucose)?
Respuesta
-
the filtration rate of the same substance
-
the concentration of the same substance found in plasma
-
permeability of same substance in PCT
-
ability of kidney to clear the same substance
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
The maximum rate at which a substance can be re-absorbed from the nephron tubules is referred to as the [blank_start]transport maximum[blank_end] for that substance.
Respuesta
-
transport maximum
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
This is a process where a carrier molecule uses ATP to move a molecule across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient. It has a high level of specificity.
Respuesta
-
facilitated diffusion
-
exocytosis
-
active transport
-
diffusion
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
If glucose is found in your urine is it called [blank_start]glucosuria[blank_end] or [blank_start]glycosuria[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
glucosuria
-
glycosuria
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The [blank_start]renal plasma threshold[blank_end] is the plasma level at which something starts to appear in your urine.
Respuesta
-
renal plasma threshold
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
If a patient has glucosuria what do you already know about his plasma glucose level?
Respuesta
-
his plasma has exceeded the renal plasma threshold level of 180mg/100ml of blood.
-
the patient is diabetic and is not producing proper amounts of insulin.
-
there is no way to determine anything about his plasma glucose level at this point.
-
the patient is spilling glucose in his urine because his afferent arteriole is blocked and not allowing the glomerulus to filter to the bowman's capsule.
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Amino acids should be present in your urine.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
[blank_start]Amino acids[blank_end] are actively transported in the tubules and are needed so that your body can make [blank_start]proteins[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
Amino acids
-
Potassium ions
-
Nucleic acids
-
proteins
-
electolytes
-
DNA and RNA
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
It is called [blank_start]aminoaciduria[blank_end] when amino acids are found in your urine. The most common type of this is [blank_start]cystine[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
aminoaciduria
-
cystine
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
When substances "fall out of solution" or become too concentrated they [blank_start]precipitate[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
precipitate
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
The major nitrogenous waste in humans is [blank_start]urea[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
urea
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Urea is produced primarily in the [blank_start]deamination of amino acids[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
deamination of amino acids
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
The clinical estimate of urea in blood is called your [blank_start]blood urea nitrogen[blank_end] level or [blank_start]BUN[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
blood urea nitrogen
-
BUN
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Why would your BUN level increase when you have a disease?
Respuesta
-
Because the kidneys are not functioning at full capacity and are unable to clear the nitrogen from your system properly
-
during a disease there is a significant number of cells that are damaged and dying. They are made up of proteins which is a nitrogenous waste and thus your BUN will rise.
-
during the disease process the inflammatory process produces greater amounts of nitrogen therefor increase blood nitrogen levels.
-
your BUN will not increase when you have a disease.
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Urine is basically glomelular filtrate minus everything you decided to re-absorb or uptake.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
the hormone promoting Na+ retention by the kidney is [blank_start]aldosterone[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
aldosterone
-
ADH
-
adrenal norepinephrine
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
The hormone [blank_start]aldosterone[blank_end] comes from a gland on top of the kidneys called the [blank_start]adrenals[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
aldosterone
-
adrenals
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Only about 20% of your nephrons are called [blank_start]jextamedullary[blank_end] nephrons.
Respuesta
-
juxtamedullary
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
The juxtamedullary nephrons have a __________ that projects way down into the tip of the pyramid and the remaining nephrons are called cortica nephrons because they primarily lie within the __________ .
Respuesta
-
collecting tubule/pyramid
-
loop of henle/papillae
-
loop of henle/cortex medulla
-
medulla/adrenal cortex
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
solute=[blank_start]dissolve e[blank_end] and solvent= [blank_start]dis-solver[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
dissolve e
-
dis-solver
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
This type of solution has a higher solute than the comparative solution.
Respuesta
-
hypotonic
-
osmotic
-
hypertonic
-
homogeneous
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Cells placed in hypertonic solution would be expected to [blank_start]shrink[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
shrink
-
swell
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Molecules going from an area of high solvent to low solvent through a semi-permeable membrane is called [blank_start]osmosis[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
osmosis
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Freshwater fish live in a hypotonic environment. They generally have a problem with water [blank_start]gain[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
gain
-
loss
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Medullary fluids of the kidney are [blank_start]hypertonic[blank_end] to most body fluids.
Respuesta
-
hypertonic
-
hypotonic
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Solutes are concentrated in the medullary fluids of the kidney by the [blank_start]counter current multiplier[blank_end] mechanism.
Respuesta
-
counter current multiplier
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Water goes from hypotonic solutions to hypertonic solutions because tonicity is determined by the solute.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Sodium retention generally has the effect of [blank_start]raising[blank_end] blood potassium levels.
Respuesta
-
raising
-
lowering
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Does facilitated diffusion utilize ATP?
Respuesta
-
yes
-
no
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
We control urine concentration by the counter current multiplier mechanism.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
What separates the cortex from the medulla?
Respuesta
-
base of pyramid
-
cortico medullary line
-
medullary cortex
-
loop of henle
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
The cortex of the kidney is what in relationship to the body?
Respuesta
-
hypotonic
-
ionic
-
isotonic
-
hypertonic
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
The [blank_start]ascending[blank_end] loop of henle has a [blank_start]thicker[blank_end] membrane that is [blank_start]impermeable[blank_end] to water and therefore osmosis [blank_start]can not[blank_end] occur. Salt is then removed from the tubular fluid by means of [blank_start]active transport[blank_end] and the fluid is now more [blank_start]dilute[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
ascending
-
descending
-
thicker
-
thinner
-
impermeable
-
permeable
-
can not
-
does
-
active transport
-
fascilitated diffusion
-
dilute
-
concentrated
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
When urine reaches the top of ascending loop of hele what level of concentration is it in proportion to your bodily fluids?
Respuesta
-
1/3
-
2/3
-
1/2
-
3/4
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Highest level of dilute you can get urine is [blank_start]1/3[blank_end] that of bodily fluids and the highest level of concentration is [blank_start]4[blank_end] times that of normal bodily fluids.
Respuesta
-
1/3
-
4
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
What gives the medullary portion of the kidney it's hypertonicity?
Respuesta
-
the cortico medullary line because as the fluid passes through solutes are removed
-
the collecting tubule where solutes spill over into the medulla
-
none of these
-
the ascending portion of the loop of henle where salt is actively transported and the osmotic capibility of the descending loop of henle or more simply put it is because of the counter current multiplier mechanism.
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
The [blank_start]DCT[blank_end] and collecting tubule have [blank_start]water[blank_end] pores that allow for further control of urine concentration. If the pores are open the urine is more [blank_start]concentrated[blank_end] and if the pores are closed the urine will be [blank_start]diluted[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
DCT
-
PCT
-
water
-
salt
-
concentrated
-
dilute
-
diluted
-
concentrated
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
The hormone that controls your water pores in the DCT and collecting tubule is [blank_start]anti diuretic hormone[blank_end] also known as [blank_start]ADH[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
anti diuretic hormone
-
ADH
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Vasopressin is another word for ADH and it is stored and released by your posterior pituitary.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
ADH is [blank_start]against[blank_end] diuresis because it [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] urine volume and [blank_start]increases[blank_end] urine concentration.
Respuesta
-
against
-
for
-
decreases
-
increases
-
increases
-
decreases
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
ADH [blank_start]opens[blank_end] the water pores of the DCT and collecting tubules.
Respuesta
-
opens
-
closes
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
At night your production of ADH goes [blank_start]up[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
up
-
down
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
[blank_start]Glomerular filtrate[blank_end] is made up of everything that is in plasma except for the [blank_start]plasma proteins[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
Glomerular filtrate
-
plasma proteins
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