Test
PHPY 301
Este test tiene tipos de pregunta que se abren en el reproductor de siempre.
Preguntas del test (200)
1Which of the following animals is known for having densely stacked cells which can be used to produce electricity?
- ATorpedo Marine Ray
- BShaker Fly
- CHumans
- DFrog Oocytes
2The first visualization of a channel was in:
- AACh Receptor
- BNE Receptor
- CSodium Receptor
- DPotassium Receptor
3In the closed state, ions are able to flow freely
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
4Which of the following are main forms of channel gating?
- AInternal Ligand
- BExternal Ligand
- CVoltage-Activated
- DSensory Adaptation
- EDiffusion Adaptation
5Phospholipids are important pieces of the membrane because:
- AThey are only hydrophobic
- BThey form a barrier to diffusion of ions, so only large molecules are able to pass
- CHelp control the internal ion concentrations and flow of ions
- DThey form micelles which are the basis of the membrane
6If permeability of a specific ion is increased, what will happen?
- AThe flux of the ion will decrease
- BConcentration of all other ions are decreased
- CThe flux of the ion will increase
- DThe driving force goes to 0 and closes all other channels
7Fick's Law states that if the difference between external and internal concentration increases, the flux of the ion will also increase
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
8What happens to the cell membrane in absence of proteins?
- AAll ions and molecules flow freely through the cell membrane
- BThe cell membrane is practically impermeable to ions and water molecules
- CThe cell membrane is impermeable to everything
9Which of the following gives the structure of the potassium voltage-gated channel?
- A3 subunits each with 8 transmembrane domains
- B5 subunits each with 6 transmembrane domains
- C4 subunits each with 6 transmembrane domains
- D1 subunit with 4 domains each with 6 transmembrane domains
10Carrier proteins are always involved in active transport
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
11Pores are always open
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
12Facilitated transport (carriers) are never fully open
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
13A Shaker potassium channel is an example of a carrier
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
14Which of the following is a water channel such as Aquaporin?
- AChannel
- BPore
- CCarrier
15What is the unitary event of pores?
- AThere isn't one
- BOpening
- CConformational Change
16What are carriers constructed from?
- AIntegral Membrane Proteins
- BOligosaccharides
- CFatty Acids
- DPeripheral Membrane Proteins
- ENone of the above
17The sodium/potassium pump is an example of secondary active transport
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
18Which of the following ions is correctly matched with its concentration gradient?
- ASodium: Outside
- BPotassium: Inside
- CCalcium: Outside
- DSodium: Inside
- ECalcium: Inside
- FChlorine: Inside
19Which is the definition of potential difference?
- APotential to do work
- BNet flow of charge from one point to another
- CResistance to movement of current
- DAbility to store an electrical charge
20Which of the following is Ohm's Law?
- AV=IR
- BV=GR
- CG=IE
21What does the gramicidin channel show?
- AThe current through the channel varies with voltage and therefore behaves like a resistor
- BKills gram negative bacteria by inserting channel
- CShows there is no current movement in an open channel
22If a potassium channel is open, where will ions tend to flow?
- ATowards E NA
- BTowards E K
- CTowards only the diffusion gradient
- DTo make the membrane potential 0
23What is equilibrium potential?
- AThe diffusion force of ion movement is equal to movement of ions to their opposite charge
- BThe diffusion force of ion movement is greater then the movement of ions to their opposite charge
- CThe membrane voltage is 0
24The membrane potential of a cell always lies between:
- APotassium and Sodium
- BSodium and Calcium
- CChloride and Potassium
- DIt lies directly at the equilibrium potential of potassium
25Internal and External concentrations are seen to be unchanged when ions pass to create a membrane potential.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
26How can we calculate the potential of a cell when there is more than one type of channel open?
- AGoldman's Equation
- BNernst Equation
- CFick's Law
27The cell is more permeable to:
- APotassium
- BCalcium
- CSodium
- DChloride
- ESodium and Potassium equally
28If an ion has greater permeability, it actually contributes the least to membrane potential
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
29How can resting membrane potential of a cell be changed?
- AChanging the gradient for a given ion
- BChanging relative permeability for an ion
- CIt can't be changed
30When is there no net current flowing through a channel?
- AWhen the concentration gradients are significantly increased
- BWhen the equilibrium potential and membrane potential are equal
- CWhen the equilibrium potential is significantly greater than the membrane potential
31What type of clamp measures current?
- ACurrent Clamp
- BVoltage Clamp
32What does the size and shape of the passive response depend on?
- ACurrent
- BResistance
- CCapacitance
- DConductance
33Which of the following causes a delay in response? Why?
- AVoltage Clamp: Takes the membrane time to charge
- BCurrent Clamp: Takes the membrane time to charge
34Which of the following cells has the largest capacitance?
- ASmall cell
- BMedium cell
- CBig cell
35What does the capacitive current depends on?
- ASize of voltage change
- BSize of the cell
- CResistance of Cell
- DMembrane Potential
36Why was the patch clamp technique valuable in electrophysiology?
- ACan look at one membrane channel
- BProvides a high resistance seal
- CDamages the cell much less
- DA and C only
- EAll of the above
37Which of the following patch clamp configurations looks at a single channel?
- ACell-attached Patch
- BWhole-Cell Patch
- CInside-Out Patch
- DOutside-Out Patch
38What can the opening of individual channels be evoked by?
- AVoltage Change
- BInternal Ligand
- CExternal Ligand
- DAll of the above
- EA and C only
39Absolute Refractory Period is when a second action potential can be generated, but at a "greater cost"
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
40Where was the first action potential visualized?
- ASquid Axon
- BShaker Fly
- CTorpedo Marine Ray
- DBabies
41What does the amplitude of the action potential depend on?
- AInternal Sodium Concentration
- BExternal sodium concentration
- Cinternal potassium concentration
- Dexternal potassium concentration
42Which ion does the resting membrane potential depend mainly on?
- APotassium
- BSodium
- CBoth sodium and potassium equally
43Which of the following is a potassium channel blocker
- ATetrodotoxin
- BSaxitoxin
- CTetraethylammonium
44What can be seen from a current-voltage relationship curve?
- AMinimum depolarization for channels to open
- BThe direction each ion flows
- CThe reversal potential for sodium
- DThe reversal potential for potassium
- EMinimum depolarization required for calcium influx
45What does Ohmic dependence mean?
- AThe channels are acting like a resistor
- BThe channels have a constant voltage
- CThe channels have a constant current across
46What can the probability that a channel will be open or closed be influenced by?
- ACell membrane voltage
- Bconcentration of a ligand that binds to the channel
- CACh
- DNone of the Above
47In which part of the current-voltage graph do sodium channels open fully?
- AOhmic dependent
- BNegative resistance
48Which of the following increases as probability of the channel opening increases?
- AConductance
- BResistance
- CNothing
49What determines the amplitude of cell current at each voltage?
- ANumber of channels that are open
- BCurrent passing through channels
- CVoltage
- DTotal number of channels present
50How can the number of open channels be determined?
- ANumber of channels
- BProbability of channels being opened
- CVoltage
- DCurrent passing through channels
51What determines the amount of current passing through each open channel?
- AConductance
- BDriving Force
- CAll of the Above
- DNone of the Above
52Why are sodium channels transient?
- AThey have an inactivation gate
- BThey are inhibitors
- CThere is a limited concentration available
53What does the steady state inactivation curve for sodium channels tell us?
- ASodium is highly important in maintaining the membrane potential
- BThe more positive membrane potential, the more sodium channels will be inactivated
- CNo sodium can enter the cell
54Recovery from inactivation is:
- Atime dependent
- Bvoltage dependent
- Cligand dependent
55What is responsible for absolute refractory period?
- ASodium
- BPotassium
- CChloride
- DCalcium
56During which part of the action potential are sodium channels most permeable?
- AHyperpolarization
- BDepolarization
- CRepolarization
57Which unit is responsible for the voltage dependence?
- AS4
- BP
- CS0
- DS1
58the S4 unit contains a charged amino acid every ____ residues?
- A1
- B3
- C2
- D0
59Which unit is responsible for ion selectivity?
- AP
- BS4
- CS0
- DS1
60How can an ion channel be selective?
- ACharge
- BSize
- CNone of the Above
- DAll of the above
61Why do al of these voltage-gated cation channels have similar structural components?
- AThey are thought to have evolved from a common ancestor
- BThey all carry the exact same genome
- CThey are do the same thing and therefore evolved to be similar to one another
62Which family is the most diverse of voltage-gated cation channels?
- APotassium
- BSodium
- CCalcium
63Most sodium channels, even in different species, do pretty much the same thing and have similar properties
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
64Where are sodium channels most highly distributed in the neutron
- AAxon hillock
- BSoma
- CDendrite
65Which of the following is a sodium blocker?
- ACocaine
- BHeroin
- CTetradotoxin
- DNone of the Above
66How do calcium channels differ from other channels?
- ACalcium is the only ion that flows into the cell
- BCalcium can activate processes in the cell
- CCalcium can interact with DNA and change the proteins it expresses
- DCalcium channels can allow other ions other than just calcium to go through
67Which of the following is a blocker for L-type calcium channels?
- ADihydropyridines
- BTetradotoxin
- CCocaine
- DTetraethyl ammonium
68Which of the following is consistent with an L-Type Calcium Channel?
- AHigh Threshold
- BLow Threshold
- CLarge Conductance
- DSmall Conductance
- ELong Lasting
- FTransient
69Which of the following is consistent with a T-type Calcium channel?
- AHIgh Threshold
- BLow threshold
- CLarge Conductance
- DSmall Conductance
- ELong-lasting
- FTransient
70Increasing the number of open ion channels in a cell membrane will lower the cell:
- AResistance
- BCapacitance
- CConductance
- DCurrent
- EOsmolatlity
71Which of the following would you expect to depolarize a neuron?
- Aan increase in internal concentration of KCl
- Ba decrease in the external concentration of NaCl
- Can increase in the number of potassium leak channels
- Da decrease in the potassium gradient
- Ea decrease in the permeability of sodium
72What would happen to the equilibrium potential for sodium, if internal sodium concentrations were increased?
- AIt would decrease
- BIt would increase
- CIt would remain the same
73What would happen to the equilibrium potential for potassium, if internal potassium concentrations were increased?
- AIt would decrease
- BIt would increase
- CIt would remain the same
74What would happen to the membrane potential for potassium, if internal potassium concentrations were increased?
- AIt would become more positive
- BIt would become more negative
- CIt would remain the same
75What would happen to the membrane potential for sodium, if internal sodium concentrations were increased?
- AIt would increase
- BIt would decrease
- CIt would remain the same
76What would happen to the membrane potential for sodium, if external sodium concentrations were increased?
- AIt would increase
- BIt would decrease
- CIt would remain the same
77What would happen to the equilibrium potential for sodium, if external sodium concentrations were increased?
- AIt would increase
- BIt would decrease
- CIt would remain the same
78What would happen to the equilibrium potential for potassium, if external potassium concentrations were increased?
- AIt would increase
- BIt would decrease
- CIt would remain the same
79What would happen to the membrane potential for potassium, if external potassium concentrations were increased?
- AIt would increase
- BIt would decrease
- CIt would remain the same
80What type of channels does conotoxin and agatoxin block respectively?
- AN-type, P/Q Type
- BP/Q Type, N-Type
- CL-Type, P/Q Type
- DN-Type, L-Type
- EL-Type,N-type
81What are the three main types of Calcium channels?
- AL-Type
- BT-Type
- CSynaptic Release
- DOUtward rectifiers
- EInward rectifiers
82What is the importance of the T-Type channel?
- AIt allows the cell to reach threshold for the action potential
- BIt helps to bring the cell back to resting membrane potential
- CIt allows rapid firing of action potentials, but for only a few ms
83In what channels are synprint sites found?
- AN Type
- BP/Q Type
- CR Type
- DL Type
- ET Type
84What are the roles of potassium channels?
- AMake membrane depolarized
- BResist depolarization
- CIncrease action potential firing
- DDecrease action potential firing
- EHelp set resting membrane potential
- FResist other ions from coming into the cell by plugging other channels
85Which are the types of potassium channels?
- ADelayed Outward Rectifier
- BA-Type
- CCalcium activated
- DInward Rectifier
- EL Type
- FT Type
- GP/Q Type
86Which of the potassium channels are voltage gated?
- ACalcium activated
- BInward Rectifier
- CDelayed Outward Rectifier
- DTransient Outward Rectifier
87The first gene of a voltage gated potassium channel was found in:
- ALong QT Syndrom
- BShaker Flies
- CHumans
- DTorpedo Marine Ray
88What are A-Type currents?
- ALow Threshold
- BHIgh Threshold
- CRapidly inactivating and inactivating
- Dlong lasting
89A-Type currents are partially inactivated at resting membrane potential
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
90When there is more A-Type current, what happens to the action potential?
- ALess Frequent firing
- BMore frequent firing
- CNo changes are seen
91Which of the following are properties of the Kv7 channel?
- ALow threshold
- BHigh threshold
- CNoninactivating
- DInactivating
- ESlow
- FFast
92Kv& channels are very fast and its because of this they are helpful in depolarization of cardiac action
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
93What are the changes seen in the calcium activated potassium channels?
- ABK: large conductance, SK: small conductance
- BBK: small conductance, SK: large conductance
- CBK: Voltage and calcium sensitive, SK: only calcium sensitive
- DBK: Only calcium sensitive, SK: voltage and calcium sensitive
94How can calcium activated potassium channels affect action potential firing?
- AFiring of multiple action potentials can lead to progressively larger amounts of calcium activated potassium current which can turn off action potential firing
- BThe increase of calcium entering the cell will cause the channel to shut off and the action potentials can fire at a more rapid rate
- CThese channels have no effect on action potential firing rate
- DAfter 5 subsequent action potentials, the calcium build up will cause the calcium activated potassium channels to turn off
95Which of the following is able to block the calcium activated potassium channels to speed up action potential firing?
- ACadmium
- BIncreased calcium concentrations
- CLidocaine
- DTetraethyl ammonium
96Characteristics of inwardly rectifying potassium current
- A2 transmembrane regions
- B4 transmembrane regions
- CContain only a voltage sensing region
- DContains only an ion selective region
97Inward rectifying potassium channels of carry outward current
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
98Characteristics of 2 pore potassium channels
- A4 subunits to form channel
- B2 subunits to form channel
99Which potassium gated channel is responsible for an increased production of insulin?
- ACalcium activated
- BInward rectifier
- CDelayed outward rectifier
- DTransient outward rectifier
100IN neons, what is the principal synaptic site?
- ADendrites
- BSoma
- CAxon
- DAxon Hillock
101Where is information integrated in the neutron?
- ASoma
- BAxon
- CDendrite
102Where are calcium channels found in the neuron?
- ASoma
- BAxon
- CAxon Terminal
- DDendrite
103Which of the following is an example of a non-regernative signal
- AReceptor Potentials
- BPre Synaptic Potentials
- CAction Potentials
104The spread of electrical current depends on:
- ACell Geometry
- BConductance
- CCapacitance
- DVoltage
- EResistance
105Passive responses do not decay with distance through an axon
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
106Post synaptic potentials lose strength as they move through the cell due to
- Acurrent leak
- Bcytoplasmic resistance
- Cvoltage
- Dcell geometry
- Eelectrical resistance
107Which of the following are correctly matched with the type of summation:
- ASpatial: EPSPs arriving from dendrites combine
- BSpatial: EPSPs arriving rapidly in succession
- CSummation does not occur in the neurons
108The [blank_start]shorter[blank_end] the time constant, the quicker the neighbouring region of th membrane will be brought to threshold and the faster the speed of impulse propagation
- Ashorter
109Which of the following is the correct formula for the time constant?
- AT=RxC
- BT=R/C
- CC=R/T
- DT=IxC
110If there is a greater membrane resistance, there is a greater length constant and less signal loss
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
111The voltage decay occurs exponentially and is a consequence of the cable properties of the axon. The length constant increases with [blank_start]increases[blank_end] in membrane resistance and with [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] in the internal resistance.
Signals spread farther in a [blank_start]thick[blank_end] dendrite and when the resistance of the dendritic membrane [blank_start]increases[blank_end].- Aincreases
- Bdecreases
- Cthick
- Dincreases
112How does myelination rpeed transmission?
- AIncreasing Rm, Decreasing C
- BIncreasing Rm, Increasing C
- CDecreasing Rm, Increasing C
- DDecreasing Rm, Decreasing C
113Which myelination cell can myelinated multiple axons?
- AOligodendrocyte
- BSchwaan
114Which of the following are CNS Glia?
- AAstroctyes
- BOligodendrocytes
- CMicroglia
- DEpendymal
- ESatellite
- FEnteric
- GSchwaan
115Which disease occurs as a result of demyelination?
- AMultiple Sclerosis
- BALS
- CMyasthenia Gravis
- DLambert Eaton
116Electrical synapses directly link the [blank_start]cytoplasm[blank_end] of adjacent cells
- Acytoplasm
117How many connexons make up a gap junction
- A1
- B5
- C2
- D6
118How many connexin make up a gap junction?
- A1
- B5
- C2
- D6
- E12
119The current passing through a gap junction is:
- AOhmic
- BREciprocal
- CNegative Resistance
120What causes a gap junction to close?
- AIncreased calcium
- BDecreased Calcium
- CIncreased sodium
- DGap Junctions are always open
121The size of Electrical PSP depends on:
- ACell geometry
- BCapacitance
- CConnections between cells
122Neurotransmitter release depends on:
- ADepolarization of presynaptic membrane
- BCadmium
- CCalcium influx
123Neurotransmitters release is precede by:
- ACalcium influx
- BDepolarization of the presynaptic membrane
- CCadmium influx
124Neurotransmitter release can be blocked by:
- ACadmium
- BBAPTA
- CNEM
- DPreventing calcium influx
- ELidocaine
- FTetradotoxin
125What is the result of ACh binding to the post synaptic membrane?
- AEPSP
- BIPSP
- CThere is no response
126The size of EPSP [blank_start]increases[blank_end] with external calcium and [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] with external magnesium
- Aincreases
- Bdecreases
127Fusion of a granule with the plasma membrane causes a discrete [blank_start]increase[blank_end] in total cell surface area and endocytosis causes a [blank_start]decrease[blank_end]. An increase in cell surface area represents an [blank_start]increase[blank_end] in capacitance, which can be measured
- Aincrease
- Bdecrease
- Cincrease
128Which of the following proteins are correctly matched with their function for exocytosis?
- ASynaptobrevin: mediate attachment of vesicle to actin of cytoskeleton
- BSV2: a GTPase that plays a role in the formation of fusion
- CSynaptophysin: Plays a role in the formation of the fusion of the pore
- DV-type H+ pump: involved with filing the vessicle
129Proteins that interact with SNAPS are called:
- ASNARES
- BNEM
- CNSF
- DV-SNARES Only
130Synaptobrevin is a:
- AV-SNARE
- BT-SNARE
131Botulinum toxin cleaves:
- ASynaptobrevin
- BSyntaxin
- CSynaptotagmin
- DSNAP-25
132Tetanus cleaves:
- ASynaptobrvein
- BSynaptotagmin
- CSyntaxin
- DSNAP 25
133Which of the following clips the membrane to free th evesicl during endocytosis?
- AClathrin
- BDynamin
- CAdaptin
134Metabotropic receptors modulation is typically very slow and often involves the ion channel to which the receptor is bound
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
135Muscarinic activation of G-proteins in heart muscle lead to:
- Aopening of potassium channels through a direct effect of the By subunit
- Bopening of potassium channels through a direct effect of the a subunit
- Cclosing of potassium channels through a direct effect of the By subunit
- Dclosing of potassium channels through a direct effect of the a subunit
136Multiple transmitters working on their receptors regulating the same channel/ G protein
- ADivergent
- BConvergetn
137Presynaptic [blank_start]Inhibition[blank_end] involves [blank_start]depressing[blank_end] calcium current decreasing post synaptic response. Presynaptic [blank_start]facilitation[blank_end] involves depressing [blank_start]potassium[blank_end] current allowing more calcium through collage gated calcium channels and increasing post synaptic response.
- AInhibition
- Bdepressing
- Cfacilitation
- Dpotassium
138What is the effect of NE on neuronal response?
- ADecrease calcium dependent potassium current and increases spike frequency adaptation
- BCause the action potentials to fire slower and farther apart
- CNE has no effect on a cellular level
- DDecreases spike frequency adaptation, allowing the cell to fire longer
139B-adrenergic stimulation enhances:
- ACalcium current through a cAMP-dependent mechanism
- BSodium current, causing increased cardiac excitability
- CPotassium current through a cAMP-dependent mechanism
- DPotassium current, causing increased cardiac excitability
140Muscarinic inhibition of M-type current results in:
- ADepolarization and decreased cardiac excitability
- BDepolarization and increased cardiac excitability
- CIncreased Potassium into the cardiac cells
- DDecrease in action potential firing
141The Ne and serotonin system both appear to be involved in the regulation of [blank_start]wakefulness[blank_end] and [blank_start]arousal[blank_end]. The serotonin system also appears to be involved in control of [blank_start]mood[blank_end] and emotional behaviour. Hallucinogenic drugs and anti-depressant drugs act on the [blank_start]serotonin[blank_end] system. The [blank_start]dopamine[blank_end] system originating on the substantial nigra is involved in the initiation of [blank_start]involuntary[blank_end] movement and its degenerations is responsible for the motor symptoms of Parkinsons disease. The [blank_start]ventral[blank_end] segmental area is involved in reward systems in the brain and are involved in [blank_start]addiction[blank_end].
- Awakefulness
- Barousal
- Cmood
- Dserotonin
- Edopamine
- Finvoluntary
- Gventral
- Haddiction
142The channel which ACh binds on the post synaptic membrane is:
- AA nonselective cation channel
- BA nonselective anion channel
- CA sodium selective channel
- DA calcium selective channel
143How are neuronal synapses different than the neuromuscular junction
- AThey can produce graded responses
- BThey can use quantal doses of ACh
- CThey activate maximally in response to ACh
144How many ACH molecules must bind in order to open the channel?
- A1
- B2
- C3
145What forms the proof the ACh Channel?
- AM1
- BM2
- CM3
- DM4
146The most ancient ligand gated channel is:
- AGLutamate
- BGlycine
- CGABA
147Main excitatory neutron in the CNS:
- AGlutamate
- BGABA
- CGlycine
148Which of the following inotropic glutamate receptors are responsible for fast neurotransmission:
- ANMDA
- BAMPA
149The current trough NMDa depends on _____ and can be plugged by _________
- AVoltage: Mg
- BVoltage; Cadmium
- CResistance; Mg
- DResistance; Cadmium
150What is NMDA permeable to?
- ACalcium
- BSodium
- CPotassium
151Glycine receptors, which are found in the brain and spinal cord can e blocked by:
- ACadmium
- BStrychnine
- CCalcium
- DGABA
152Main inhibitory neurotransmiter in CNS
- AGABA
- BGLycine
- CGlutamate
153GABA and glycine receptors are metabotropic
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
154Low frequency stimulation releases:
- Asmall vesicles (Containing small transmitters)
- BLarge Dense-Core vesicles (Containing neuropeptides)
- CBoth
155High frequency stimulation releases:
- ASmall Vesicles (Containing small transmitters)
- BLarge Dense-Core vesicles (Containing neuropeptides)
- CBoth
156[blank_start]Synapses[blank_end] are the physical site of many if not all forms of memory storage in the brain.
- ASynapses
157Which of the following occur in high frequency stimulation:
- AHabituation
- BDepression
- CFacilitation
- DPotentiation
158Facilitation may be caused by accumulation of [blank_start]calcium[blank_end] in the presynaptic terminal causing an enhancement in the probability of [blank_start]release[blank_end] of individual quanta of neurotransmitter. Depression may be caused by depletion of [blank_start]vesicles[blank_end] from the terminal.
- Acalcium
- Brelease
- Cvesicles
159Why are Apylsia californica a useful model to study behaviors?
- AComplex thought process identified
- BNo brain- only ganglion
- CMale and female sex organs
160The gill and siphon reflex undergoes:
- AHabituation
- BDepression
- CFacillitation
- DPotentiation
161The gill and siphon refllec shows:
- AClassical condition
- BOperant conditioning
162Increased quanta are found in LTP
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
163Why does LTP require depolarization of the postsynaptic neuron?
- AAMPA
- BNMDA
164What are both LTP and LTD dependent on?
- ACalcium
- BPotassium
- CSodium
165Where TRP channels found?
- ADrosphilla
- BSquid Axon
- CMarine Torpedo Ray
- DBabies
166TRP channels are non-selective [blank_start]cation[blank_end] currents that may be permeable to [blank_start]calcium[blank_end]
- Acation
- Bcalcium
167What is the smallest temperature change we can detect?
- A0.1 degrees
- B0.01 degrees
- C1 degree
168All neutrons are sensitive to temperature, but some have evolved to be thermoreceptors
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
169What was the first hint that thermosenestation is likely mediated by ion channels?
- ACells in a petri dish could still respond strong to temperature changes
- BPatients became flush when eating extremely salt foods
- CThe TRPM5 channel was only found in heart cells
170Which channels are activated at moderate temperatures?
- ATRPV1
- BTRPV2
- CTRPV5
- DTRPV3
- ETRPV4
- FTRPM8
- GTRPA1
171Capsaicin is detected by which TRP channel?
- ATRPV1
- BTRPV2
- CTRPM8
- DTRPA1
172Which of the following are part of the vestibular system?
- AUtricle
- BSaccule
- CCOchlea
- DAmppulae
173Hair cells are neurons
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
174Deformation of the stereovili in one direction causes opening of TRP channels, probably [blank_start]TRPA1[blank_end], while deformation in the other direction causes them to close.
- ATRPA1
175Endollymph has high concentrations of potassium which causes influx of potassium as channels open
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
176What are the 5 main tastes?
- ASweet
- BSour
- CUmami
- DBitter
- ESalty
- FSpicy
- GSavoury
- HTasteless
177Taste receptor cells are:
- ASensory Neurons
- BModified Epithelium
178Taste reception always depends on the [blank_start]calcium[blank_end] dependent release of neurotransmitter from the taste cell.
- Acalcium
179Olfactory cells are:
- ANeurons
- BModified Epithelium
180Rods are responsible for monochromatic vision
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
181Humans have more g-protein coupled door receptor proteins than rodents
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
182Which of the following depolarizes in response to light?
- AInvertebrates
- BVertebrates
183Blockade of sodium channels can [blank_start]block[blank_end] release.
Blockade of K channels can [blank_start]potentiate[blank_end] release.
Block of CA channels can [blank_start]block[blank_end] release.
Botulinum and tetanus toxins can block [blank_start]exocytotic[blank_end] release of ACh by degrading [blank_start]synaptic[blank_end] proteins.
Black Widow Spider venom causes an explosive release of [blank_start]ACh[blank_end].
Inhibitors of AChE can [blank_start]potentiate[blank_end] the effect of released ACh.
Agonists and antagonists of the [blank_start]nACh[blank_end] receptor can activate or block activation.- AnACh
- Bpotentiate
- Cblock
- Dpotentiate
- Eblock
- Fexocytotic
- Gsynaptic
- HACh
184Which of the following diseases can be treated with a AChE inhibitor, such as neostigmine?
- AAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- BMyasthenia Gravis
- CLambert-Eaton Syndrome
185Parasympathetic:
- APreganglionic originate in thoracic and lumbar regions
- BPreganglionic originate in brain and sacrum
- CPostganglionic originate in sympathetic and collateral ganglion
- DPostganglionic originate in terminal ganglia
- EShort preganglionic fibres; Long post ganglionic fibres
- FLong Preganglionic fibres; short post ganglions fibres
- GNeurostrasmitter Receptors: Pre: Nicotinic, Post: Adrenergic
- HNeurostrasmitter Receptors: Pre: Nicotinic, Post: Muscarinic
186Preganglionic sympathetic nerves release NE
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
187Which of the following interact with Ga(stimulatory) activating AC and raising levels of cAMP?
- AB1
- BB2
- CA1
- DA2
- ED1
- FD2
188Which of the following interact with Ga(inhibitory)?
- AA1
- BA2
- CB1
- DB2
- ED1
- FD2
189Which of the following interacts with Ga(q) which concerts PIP to IP3 and DAG?
- AA1
- BA2
- CB1
- DB2
- ED1
- FD2
190Chromaffin cells secrete epinephrine directly into blood
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
191Phenylephrine is used to treat:
- ANasal congestion (a1 agonist)
- BHypertension (b antagonist)
- CAsthma (B agonist)
- DConstricted pupils (muscarinic antagonist)
192Isoproterenol is used to treat:
- ANasal Congestion
- BHypertension
- CAsthma
- DConstricted Pupils
193Which of the following accurately describe the endocrine system?
- AWireless system
- B"Wired" system
- CLong acting
- DShort acting
- ETravels short distances
- FTravels long distances
- GBrief Action
- HLong Action (Minutes to days)
194Which of the following are lipophillic
- ACateholamines
- BTHyroid Hormone
- CPeptides
- DSteroids
195Which of the following have a receptor site on the surface of target cells?
- ACAtecholamine
- BPeptide
- CThyroid Hormone
- DSteroids
196Which of the following correctly describes a peptide hormone with the N terminus localization sequence still attached?
- APreprohormone
- Bprohormone
- Chormone
197Which enzyme catalyzes the step from Dopamine to NE?
- ATyrosine hydroxylase
- BDopamine decarboxylase
- CDopamine-B-Hydroxylase
198All steroid hormones are synthesized from:
- ACholesterol
- BPrednelone
- CENalopril
199What is the displacement curve useful for?
- ADetecting the total amount of unknown hormone
- BPredicting the saturation of an hormone antibody complex
- CPredicting the total number of receptors
200What is a Scatchard plot useful for?
- ATo determine the amount of unknown hormone
- BPredict the saturation of a hormone antibody cmplex
- CPredict the number of recptors
Información
- Descripción
- Physiology and Pharmacology Year 3 Test sobre PHPY 301 , creado por Emma Maelde el 05/10/2016.
- Autor
- Emma Maelde
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 44
- Historial
- Creado el 5 oct 2016 · actualizado el 16 dic 2016
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
- Aún sin valoraciones Valora este test