7235692
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The first law of thermodynamics can be given as __________.
Respuesta
-
A) ΔE = q + w
-
B)
-
C) for any spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases
-
D) the entropy of a pure crystalline substance at absolute zero is zero
-
E) ΔS = qrev/T at constant temperature
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Of the following, only __________ is not a state function.
Respuesta
-
A) S
-
B) H
-
C) q
-
D) E
-
E) T
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
When a system is at equilibrium, __________.
Respuesta
-
A) the reverse process is spontaneous but the forward process is not
-
B) the forward and the reverse processes are both spontaneous
-
C) the forward process is spontaneous but the reverse process is not
-
D) the process is not spontaneous in either direction
-
E) both forward and reverse processes have stopped
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
A reversible process is one that __________.
Respuesta
-
A) can be reversed with no net change in either system or surroundings
-
B) happens spontaneously
-
C) is spontaneous in both directions
-
D) must be carried out at low temperature
-
E) must be carried out at high temperature
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which of the following statements is true?
Respuesta
-
A) Processes that are spontaneous in one direction are spontaneous in the opposite direction.
-
B) Processes are spontaneous because they occur at an observable rate.
-
C) Spontaneity can depend on the temperature.
-
D) All of the statements are true.
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
For an isothermal process, ΔS = __________.
Respuesta
-
A) q
-
B) qrev/T
-
C) qrev
-
D) Tqrev
-
E) q + w
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which one of the following is always positive when a spontaneous process occurs?
Respuesta
-
A) ΔSsystem
-
B) ΔSsurroundings
-
C) ΔSuniverse
-
D) ΔHuniverse
-
E) ΔHsurroundings
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
The second law of thermodynamics states that __________.
Respuesta
-
A) ΔE = q + w
-
B)
-
C) for any spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases
-
D) the entropy of a pure crystalline substance is zero at absolute zero
-
E) ΔS = qrev/T at constant temperature
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which of the following statements is false?
Respuesta
-
A) The change in entropy in a system depends on the initial and final states of the system and the path taken from one state to the other.
-
B) Any irreversible process results in an overall increase in entropy.
-
C) The total entropy of the universe increases in any spontaneous process.
-
D) Entropy increases with the number of microstates of the system.
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which one of the following processes produces a decrease of the entropy of the system?
Respuesta
-
A) dissolving sodium chloride in water
-
B) sublimation of naphthalene
-
C) dissolving oxygen in water
-
D) boiling of alcohol
-
E) explosion of nitroglycerine
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Consider a pure crystalline solid that is heated from absolute zero to a temperature above the boiling point of the liquid. Which of the following processes produces the greatest increase in the entropy of the substance?
Respuesta
-
A) melting the solid
-
B) heating the liquid
-
C) heating the gas
-
D) heating the solid
-
E) vaporizing the liquid
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Which one of the following correctly indicates the relationship between the entropy of a system and the number of different arrangements, W, in the system?
Respuesta
-
A) S = kW
-
B) S = k/W
-
C) S = W/k
-
D) S = klnW
-
E) S = Wk
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
ΔS is positive for the reaction __________.
Respuesta
-
A) 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (g)
-
B) 2NO2 (g) → N2O4 (g)
-
C) CO2 (g) → CO2 (s)
-
D) BaF2 (s) → Ba2+ (aq) + 2F- (aq)
-
E) 2Hg (l) + O2 (g) → 2HgO (s)
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which reaction produces an increase in the entropy of the system?
Respuesta
-
A) Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) → AgCl (s)
-
B) CO2 (s) → CO2 (g)
-
C) H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) → 2HCl (g)
-
D) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) → 2NH3 (g)
-
E) H2O (l) → H2O (s)
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Of the following, the entropy of __________ is the largest.
Respuesta
-
A) HCl (l)
-
B) HCl (s)
-
C) HCl (g)
-
D) HBr (g)
-
E) HI (g)
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Of the following, the entropy of gaseous __________ is the largest at 25°C and 1 atm.
Respuesta
-
A) CH3OH
-
B) C2H5OH
-
C) C3H7OH
-
D) CH4
-
E) C4H10
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
For an isothermal process, the entropy change of the surroundings is given by the equation:
Respuesta
-
A) ΔS = qsys T
-
B) ΔS = -qsys T
-
C) ΔS = q lnT
-
D) ΔS = -q lnT
-
E) ΔS = -qsys/T
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The equilibrium position corresponds to which letter on the graph of G vs. f (course of reaction) below?
Respuesta
-
A) A
-
B) B
-
C) C
-
D) D
-
E) E
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
For the reaction
C2H6 (g) → C2H4 (g) + H2 (g)
ΔH° is + 137 kJ/mol and ΔS° is +120 J/K ∙ mol. This reaction is __________.
Respuesta
-
A) spontaneous at all temperatures
-
B) spontaneous only at high temperature
-
C) spontaneous only at low temperature
-
D) nonspontaneous at all temperatures
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
For the reaction
2C4H10 (g) + 13O2 (g) → 8CO2 (g) + 10H2O (g)
ΔH° is -125 kJ/mol and ΔS° is +253 J/K ∙ mol. This reaction is __________.
Respuesta
-
A) spontaneous at all temperatures
-
B) spontaneous only at high temperature
-
C) spontaneous only at low temperature
-
D) nonspontaneous at all temperatures
-
E) unable to determine without more information
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
A reaction that is not spontaneous at low temperature can become spontaneous at high temperature if ΔH is __________ and ΔS is __________.
Respuesta
-
A) +, +
-
B) -, -
-
C) +, -
-
D) -, +
-
E) +, 0
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Given the following table of thermodynamic data, complete the following sentence. The vaporization of PCl3 (l) is __________.
Respuesta
-
A) nonspontaneous at low temperature and spontaneous at high temperature
-
B) spontaneous at low temperature and nonspontaneous at high temperature
-
C) spontaneous at all temperatures
-
D) nonspontaneous at all temperatures
-
E) not enough information given to draw a conclusion
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Consider the reaction:
Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) → AgCl (s)
Given the following table of thermodynamic data, determine the temperature (in °C) above which the reaction is nonspontaneous under standard conditions.
Respuesta
-
A) 1230 °C
-
B) 150 °C
-
C) 432 °C
-
D) 133 °C
-
E) 1640 °C
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Consider the reaction:
NH3 (g) + HCl (g) → NH4Cl (s)
Given the following table of thermodynamic data,
determine the temperature (in °C) above which the reaction is nonspontaneous.
Respuesta
-
A) This reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures.
-
B) 618.1
-
C) 432.8
-
D) 345.0
-
E) 1235
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
With thermodynamics, one cannot determine __________.
Respuesta
-
A) the speed of a reaction
-
B) the direction of a spontaneous reaction
-
C) the extent of a reaction
-
D) the value of the equilibrium constant
-
E) the temperature at which a reaction will be spontaneous
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
If ΔG° for a reaction is greater than zero, then __________.
Respuesta
-
A) K = 0
-
B) K = 1
-
C) K > 1
-
D) K < 1
-
E) More information is needed.
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
The value of ΔS° for the catalytic hydrogenation of ethene to ethane,
C2H4 (g) + H2(g) → C2H6 (g)
is __________ J/K∙ mol.
Respuesta
-
A) -101.9
-
B) -120.5
-
C) -232.5
-
D) +112.0
-
E) +101.9
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
The value of ΔS° for the oxidation of carbon to carbon dioxide,
C (s, graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2(g)
is __________ J/K∙ mol. The combustion of carbon, as in charcoal briquettes, in the presence of abundant oxygen produces carbon dioxide.
Respuesta
-
A) +424.3
-
B) +205.0
-
C) -205.0
-
D) -2.9
-
E) +2.9
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
The value of ΔH° for the decomposition of gaseous sulfur trioxide to its component elements,
2SO3 (g) → 2S (s, rhombic) + 3O2 (g)
is __________ kJ/mol.
Respuesta
-
A) +790.4
-
B) -790.4
-
C) +395.2
-
D) -395.2
-
E) +105.1
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
The value of ΔG° at 25 °C for the oxidation of solid elemental sulfur to gaseous sulfur trioxide,
2S (s, rhombic) + 3O2 (g) → 2SO3 (g)
is __________ kJ/mol.
Respuesta
-
A) +740.8
-
B) -370.4
-
C) +370.4
-
D) -740.8
-
E) +185.2
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Given the thermodynamic data in the table below, calculate the equilibrium constant (at 298 K) for the reaction:
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) --> 2SO3 (g)
Respuesta
-
A) 2.37 × 1024
-
B) 1.06
-
C) 1.95
-
D) 3.82 × 1023
-
E) More data are needed.
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
The value of ΔG° for a reaction conducted at 25°C is 3.05 kJ/mol. The equilibrium constant for a reaction is __________ at this temperature?
Respuesta
-
A) 0.292
-
B) -4.20
-
C) 0.320
-
D) -1.13
-
E) More information is needed.
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
The normal boiling point of water is 100.0°C and its molar enthalpy of vaporization is 40.67 kJ/mol. What is the change in entropy in the system in J/K when 39.3 grams of steam at 1 atm condenses to a liquid at the normal boiling point?
Respuesta
-
A) 88.8
-
B) -88.8
-
C) -238
-
D) 373
-
E) -40.7
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
The standard Gibbs free energy of formation of __________ is zero.
(a) H2O (l)
(b) O (g)
(c) I2 (s)
Respuesta
-
A) (a) only
-
B) (b) only
-
C) (c) only
-
D) (b) and (c)
-
E) (a), (b), and (c)
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
The standard Gibbs free energy of formation of __________ is zero.
(a) H2O (l)
(b) Mg (s)
(c) Br2 (l)
Respuesta
-
A) (a) only
-
B) (b) only
-
C) (c) only
-
D) (b) and (c)
-
E) (a), (b), and (c)
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
The standard Gibbs free energy of formation of __________ is zero.
(a) Si (s)
(b) F2 (g)
(c) Ni (s)
Respuesta
-
A) (a) only
-
B) (b) only
-
C) (c) only
-
D) (b) and (c)
-
E) (a), (b), and (c)
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
The value of ΔG° at 141.0°C for the formation of phosphorous trichloride from its constituent elements,
P2 (g) + 3Cl2 (g) → 2PCl3 (g)
is __________ kJ/mol. At 25.0°C for this reaction, ΔH° is -720.5 kJ/mol, ΔG° is -642.9 kJ/mol, and ΔS° is -263.7 J/K.
Respuesta
-
A) -612.3
-
B) 3.65 × 104
-
C) 1.08 × 105
-
D) -683.3
-
E) -829.7
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
For the reaction
C(s) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + H2(g)
ΔH° = 131.3 kJ/mol and ΔS° = 127.6 J/K ∙ mol at 298 K. At temperatures greater than __________°C this reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions.
Respuesta
-
A) 273
-
B) 325
-
C) 552
-
D) 756
-
E) 1029
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
For a given reaction, ΔH = +35.5 kJ/mol and ΔS = +83.6 J/K-mol. The reaction is spontaneous __________. Assume that ΔH and ΔS do not vary with temperature.
Respuesta
-
A) at T < 425 K
-
B) at T > 425 K
-
C) at all temperatures
-
D) at T > 298 K
-
E) at T < 298 K
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
In the Haber process, ammonia is synthesized from nitrogen and hydrogen:
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) → 2NH3 (g)
ΔG° at 298 K for this reaction is -33.3 kJ/mol. The value of ΔG at 298 K for a reaction mixture that consists of 1.9 atm N2, 1.6 atm H2, and 0.65 atm NH3 is __________.
Respuesta
-
A) -1.8
-
B) -3.86 × 103
-
C) -7.25 × 103
-
D) -104.5
-
E) -40.5
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Phosphorous and chlorine gases combine to produce phosphorous trichloride:
P2 (g) + 3Cl2 (g) → 2PCl3 (g)
ΔG° at 298 K for this reaction is -642.9 kJ/mol. The value of ΔG at 298 K for a reaction mixture that consists of 1.5 atm P2, 1.6 atm Cl2, and 0.65 atm PCl3 is __________.
Respuesta
-
A) -44.2
-
B) -3.88 × 103
-
C) -7.28 × 103
-
D) -708.4
-
E) -649.5
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
15) The equilibrium constant for a reaction is 0.35 at 25°C. What is the value of ΔG° (kJ/mol) at this temperature?
Respuesta
-
A) 2.6
-
B) -4.2
-
C) 220
-
D) 4.2
-
E) More information is needed.
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
A reversible change produces the maximum amount of ________ that can be achieved by the system on the surroundings.
Respuesta
-
A) Energy
-
B) Product
-
C) Reactant
-
D) Work
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
The melting of a substance at its melting point is an isothermal process.
Respuesta
-
True
-
False
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
The vaporization of a substance at its boiling point is an isothermal process
Respuesta
-
True
-
False
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
The entropy of a pure crystalline substance at 0°C is zero.
Respuesta
-
True
-
False
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
The more negative ΔG° is for a given reaction, the larger the value of the corresponding equilibrium constant, K.
Respuesta
-
True
-
False
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