Cell Cycle and Mitosis: Phases and Checkpoints

quiescent / senescent

G0 (GAP0)

a resting phase "where the cell has left the cycle & has stopped dividing"

interphase

G1 (GAP1)

increase in size // checkpoint control mechanism ensures that everything is ready for DNA synthesis

S (synthesis)

DNA replication

G2(GAP2)

the cell continue to grow // checkpoint control mechanism ensure that everything is ready to enter the M phase & divide

mitosis

prophase

"preparation"

mataphase

"organizational"

telophase

anaphase

"separation"

1. nuclear membrane disintegrates

2. nucleolus disappear

1.chromosomes become visible

2. spindle fibers form

in animal cell centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell

the duplicated chromosomes line up the middle of the cell "with the help of spindle fibers attached to the centromere

the chromosomes split in the middle & the sister chromatids are pulled by the spindle fibers to opposite poles of the cell

1.nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes

2. nucleolus reappear in each nucleus

1. chromosomes become invisible again

2. spindle fibers disappear

cytokinesis

mitosis without cytokinesis result in multinucleated cells

it is the process of the cytoplasm division that following the nucleus division

in an animal cell

occurs after nucleus has been duplicated & begins in anaphase by formation of a cleavage furrow

in plant cell

begins in telophase in plant cells by formation of a cell plate