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THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT
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- 1Common rock-forming mineralsQuartz, orthoclase biotite
- 2Sedimentary Rocksformed from gravity pressing earth’s sediments into layers
clastic - formed from other rocks eg. sandstone
chemical - formed from crystallisation of minerals in solution
biological - death of living organisms eg. coal - 3Igneous Rocksformed from molten Earth material, volcanos
intrusive - molten material has cooled slowly inside the Earth, crystals have more time to grow
extrusive - molten material has cooled quickly outside the Earth, crystals have less time to grow
mafic - dark in colour
intermediate - mix of dark and light
felsic - light in colour - 4Metamorphic RocksRocks formed from existing rocks but have been changed by great heat or pressure
regional - Formed from compressional forces(push-together) due to large tectonic plate movements
contact - Rock in contact with magma turns into quartzite - 5MineralsBasic chemicals which make up the rocks of the lithosphere; QUARTZ, SILICA & SILICATE
Silica = Silicon-dioxide = (SiO2) - strongly bonded, high melting point, dense = Quartz (mineral name) - 6Geological features of local environmentA monocline (bend in rock) with elevated plateau (fairly high level ground), river systems dissecting the plateau which carve out valleys, gorges and mountains
- 7Soil processesWeathering = mechanical weathering; breaks down and decomposes rocks and minerals by air/water/sun/frost into small particles
chemical weathering; alters minerals and determines colour of soil
Incorporation of organic matter= soil organisms eg. fungi, bacteria help decomposition of organic materials returning nutrients to soil, worms help aerate soil and mix nutrients through
Translocation = soluble ions and fine particles are leached by water through pores in soil, soil material can be moved elsewhere by erosion and gravity also
Biological activity = humus(dead plant materials + rotten animal waste) alters texture + colour of soil + releases nutrients needed to the soil + plant growth
Leaching = rain water percolates through soil, carries substances with it. Leaching of nutrients is bad plant growth however leaching of excess salt + toxic ions is good for the waterways - 8Effect of climate on vegetationClimate is responsible for providing rainfall, which dissolves ions in the soil = plant growth
Rainforest = forces clouds to rise + produce rainfall, leaf litter decomposes returning nutrients to soil
Gum forest = aus plants have evolved features to help them survive droughts (tough leaves + thick cuticles preventing evaporation)
Coastal Scrublands = no rainfall, exposed to drying winds - 9Effect of soil composition on vegetationSoil composition determines what nutrients will/will not be available for vegetation growing in the soil, determines type of plant communities that soil can support
Rainforest = soil is often thin → deep-rooted plants CANNOT thrive
Gum forest = ancient soils, low in nutrients due to 1000s of yrs of leaching
Coastal Scrublands = sand from erosion, drains soil nutrients + easily leached away. bushfires. tough hard leaves, resist drying - 10Changes in Local Environment - last 50 yearsvegetation cover and diversity = land clearing reduces plant diversity and cover, vegetation is restricted to small isolated areas, fertilisers poison native plant life
animal diversity and abundance - decreased due to introduction of predators eg cats and foxes which eat small native mammals and birds, land clearing reduces habitats, pollution, erosion and silting in waterways decreases aquatic species, remaining species are well camouflaged or have adapted to urban conditions
water flow and quality - increased urbanisation more roads have increased runoff into water, results in more frequent flooding, siltation, dredging of rivers damages river ecosystems, erosion sedimentation of water, fertilisers pollute ground water - 11Differing views of human impacts on environmentsSome say there is still plenty of bushland and wildlife, urbanisation is a need for the local community eg land developers
some say too much damage has been caused, needs of the local community can be met without causing such extensive damage - 12Environmental issue requiring government regulationSustainable development exploration, environmental planning, air and water quality management, land use management, rehabilitation
- 13Governmental Environment Document addressing an issueNSW Native Vegetation Regulation 2005 - reduces negative impacts on biodiversity, soil and water by promoting sustainable management of native vegetation and improving state of existing native vegetation
- 14Human impacts on environment - land clearinglower plant and animal diversity and abundance as they depend on plant species for food and shelter, reduces deep soil moisture content, increased runoff which erodes soil increases sedimentation and flow of river systems, increased flow causes greater erosion of river banks, deposits of sediment can alter river shape or cause blockages and floods, tree removal increases soil salinity, acid releasing, washes topsoils away, leaching of nutrients, loss of biodiversity
- 15Human impacts on environment - urban environmentsroads + buildings prevents rain from soaking into ground, washes toxic chemical and waste into waterways, disrupts natural water flow and groundwater levels, reduces river water flow affecting agriculture, noise pollution, air pollution from cars and factories
Dams harms the aquatic ecosystem as sedimentation occurs preventing the downstream ecosystems from receiving nutrients. Increased underground seepage, alters deep soil moisture
Fertilisers - pollutes ground water - 16How to protect the environment from these consequencesinstallation of water tanks, water saving shower heads + taps
- 17Define BiodiversityThe range of different species in an ecosystem, they all depend on each other
- 18Biodiversity factorsMore genetic diversity of species = greater chance of survival in the long-term
greater complexity within + between different ecosystems = more stable + resilient
biodiversity is essential to survival of the natural environment
important as there may be potential sources of medicines in the ecosystems - 19Abiotic FactorsNonliving things, eg. moisture content, pH level, presence of chlorides, sunlight, water availability etc
- 20Biotic FactorsAll living things
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- Year 11 Earth and Environmental Science Fichas sobre THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT, creado por Thea Jacobsen el 04/09/2017.
- Creado por
- Thea Jacobsen
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