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CH4a Skeletal System WORD DEFINITIONS - HLTH 125
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- 1musculoskeletalpertaining to the muscles and bones
- 2muscularpertaining to muscles
- 3skeletal systemconsists of the bones and the cartilage, ligaments and tendons that are associated with bones
- 4Functions of the Musculoskeletal System* providing form & shape
* protection of soft body parts
* movement
* blood cell formation
*storage of fats and minerals
*bones provide support structure for attachment of muscles - 5bone marrowThe side of blood cell production. It is a soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones.
*red bone marrow - the site of most blood cell production
*yellow bone marrow - produces fat, cartilage and bone - 6jointthe junction where two bones meet
- 7ligamentsconnective tissue that connects:
bone to bone
or
cartilage to bone - 8cartilagea rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at joints and
is a structural component of the rib cage, ear, nose and intervertebral disks - 9osbone
- 10ossabones
- 11osseouspertaining to bone
- 12osteogenesisthe formation (generation) of bone; the process of creating new bone matrix
- 13diaphysisthe shaft of a long bone; consists primarily of compact bone with bone marrow in the medullary cavity
- 14epiphysisthe end part of a long bone; consists primarily of spongy bone that is covered by compact bone
- 15periosteuma tough fibrous membrane that covers the surface of bones (except at the joints) and serves as an attachment for muscle and tendons
- 16medullary cavityan open canal in the center of the diaphysis
- 17Types of Bone Tissue* periosteum
*compact (cortical) bone
*spongy (cancellous) bone
*red bone marrow
*yellow bone marrow - 18Classification of Bones (r/t shape)long bones - as in the arms, legs
short bones - as in the wrist and foot
flat bones - as in the skull
irregular bones - such as the vertebrae - 19Classification of bones (r/t density)compact (cortical) bone
or
spongy (cancellous) bone - 20Names of Projections and Depression found in bonesforamen - a opening for nerves and vessels
fissure - a slit-type opening
fossa - depression on the surface
head - the smooth ball-shaped end
sinus - a hollow cavity within a bone - 21axial skeletonaxial means "relating to a straight line"
The axial skeleton consists of the bones that go in a straight line from the skull to the sacrum. (i.e. - skull, spinal column, ribs/sternum and sacrum) - 22appendicular skeletonappendicular refers to limbs or things that attach
The appendicular skeleton consists of all the appendages (attachments) to the axial skeleton. (i.e. - shoulders, arms, bones of the pelvis and legs) - 23craniumskull
- 24cranialpertaining to the skull
- 25vertebral columnconsists of the 26 vertebrae
7 cervcal
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
1 sacrum (5 bones that fuse together)
1 coccyx (four bones that fuse together) - 26vertebralpertaining to the vertebrae
- 27spinalpertaining to the spine
- 28thoracic cageconsists of the thoracic vertebrae, the ribs and the sternum
- 29thoracicpertaining to the chest
- 30thoraxchest
- 31xiphoid processthe small, lowermost part of the sternum
- 32costalpertaining to the ribs
- 33subcostalpertaining to below the ribs
- 34retrosternalpertaining to behind the sternum
- 35sternalpertaining to the sternum
- 36intercostalpertaining to between the ribs
- 37sternocostalpertaining to the sternum and the ribs
- 38vetebrocostalpertaining to the vertebrae and the ribs
- 39herniated diska tear formed in the intervertebral disc, allowing the soft central portion to bulge out, resulting in pressure on the spinal nerves and pain
- 40shoulder or pectoral girdlethe clavicle and the scapula as one unit
- 41claviclecollarbone
- 42scapulashoulder blade
- 43Upper Extremity Boneshumerus - upper arm
ulna - forearm, pinky side
radius - forearm, thumb side
carpals - bones of the wrist
metacarpals - bones of the palm
phalanges - bones of the fingers - 44phalanges (pl.)each individual bone of the fingers or toes
phalanx (sg.) - 45The Pelvic Girdlethe bones of the pelvis:
ilium
pubis
ischium - 46The Lower Extremityfemur - thigh bone
patella - knee cap
tibia - large, medial lower leg bone
fibula - lateral lower leg bone
tarsals - ankle bones (7 bones)
metatarsals - between the tarsus & toes
phalanges - bones of the toes - 47tarsusankle
- 48calcaneusheel bone
(the largest of the tarsals) - 49plantarpertaining to the sole of the foot
- 50connective tissueany tissue that supports, binds or separates other body tissue and parts; includes bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons
- 51Types of Joints1) fibrous joints- immovable (skull bones)
2) synovial joints - freely moveable (hip, elbows, wrist)
3) cartilaginous joints - connected by cartilage; less flexible than synovial
(pubis symphis) - 52tendonsbands of strong fibrous tissue that connect muscles to bones
- 53chondralpertaining to cartilage
- 54chondorcostalpertaining to the ribs and their associated cartilage tissue
- 55bursaa fluid-filled sac or saclike cavity, especially one countering friction at a joint
- 56bursitisinflammation of the bursa
- 57radiopaqueinhibits the passage of x-rays (i.e. - bone);
appears white or light on the
radiograph (x-ray) - 58radiolucentallows the passage of x-rays
(i.e. - body tissues) - 59fracturea break in the bone
- 60dislocationthe displacement of a bone from a joint
- 61Types of Fractures (complete vs incomplete fracture)complete fracture - the break crosses the entire width of the bone
incomplete - the fracture doesn't go thru the entire width of the bone bone - 62Types of Fractures (open vs closed fracture)open/compound fracture - the bone protrudes through the skin
closed/simple fracture - the bone may damage the surrounding tissue, but it does not break through the skin - 63Types of Fractures (by presentation/style of fracture)1. impacted - one section of bone driven into another section
2. comminuted - broken into small fragments
3. spiral - the bone is twisted causing a spiral shape
4. stress - caused be repetitive low-impact - 64pathologic fracturea fracture caused by a disease process
- 65arthralgiajoint pain
- 66callusthickened, hardened area of skin that is subject to repeat friction
- 67chondromalaciaabnormal softening of cartilage
- 68crepitus or crepitationa grating, crackling or popping sound under the skin; can be caused by bones rubbing or air trapped under the skin
- 69decalcificationloss of calcium in the bones
- 70ostealgia or osteodyniabone pain
- 71osteomalaciasoftening of the bone; known as "rickets" in children who suffer from insufficient calcium
- 72osteopathyany disease of bone
- 73osteoporosisdisease process that causes the bone to become porous
- 74osteopeniaa condition of decreased bone density; if not corrected it can lead to osteoporosis
- 75osteosclerosisexcessive hardening of the bone which leads to unusual heaviness of the bones
- 76Curvatures of the spine1) lordosis - abnormal inward curvature of the lumbar spine
2) kyphosis (hunchback) - abnormal outward curvature of thoracic spine
3) scoliosis - abnormal lateral curvature of the spine - 77myelitisinflammation of the bone or spinal cord
- 78spinal stenosisnarrowing of the spinal canal leading to pressure on the spinal cord and nerves
(stenosis = narrowing) - 79spondylosisRefers to any degenerative disease of the spine
spondyl/o = spine
-osis = condition - 80osteoarthritisarthritis resulting in degeneration of the bones and joints
- 81spraindamage to the ligaments surrounding of a joint d/t overstretching
- 82straindamage to tendons or muscles d/t overstretching of the muscle
- 83subluxationany incomplete dislocation; most commonly used by chiropractors in reference to spinal subluxation
- 84amputationpartial or complete removal of a limb
- 85arthroscopeinstrument used to view inside a joint
- 86arthroscopythe process of viewing inside a joint
- 87arthrocentesisthe puncture of a joint with a needle to obtain samples or remove excess fluid
- 88chiropractorhealthcare professional concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of malalignment of the spine and musculoskeletal system
- 89orthopedistone who specialized in orthopedics
- 90orthpedicsbranch of medicine specializing in diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the musculoskeletal system
- 91orthoticpertaining to an orthopedic appliance such as braces and splints
- 92podiatrya healthcare professional specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the feet and lower legs
- 93prostheticartificial body part; a device used to substitute for a body part
Información
- Descripción
- These flash cards are medical terms from the CH 4 Skeletal System: Section 1 that you should know for your weekly exam. This is not an exhaustive list, but are the most common words, which I will probably use as a basis for this week's exam.
- Creado por
- Greg Mohnkern
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