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Information Systems-Chapter 11
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- 1unstructured decisionsthose in which the decision maker must provide judgement, evaluation, and insight to solve the problem. Novel, important, and non routine
- 2structure decisionsrepetitive and routine, and they involve a definite procedure for handling them so that they do not have to be treated each time as if they were new
- 3semistructured decisionswhen only part of the problem has a clear-cut answer provided by an accepted procedure
- 4intelligenceconsists of discovering, identifying, and understanding the problems occurring in the organization--why the problem exists, where, and what effects it is having on the firm
- 5designinvolves identifying and exploring various solutions to the problem
- 6choiceconsists of choosing among solution alternatives
- 7implementationinvolves making the chose alternative work and continuing to monitor how well the solution is working
- 8business intelligencea term hardware and software vendors and information technology consultants use to describe the infrastructure for warehousing, integrating, reporting, and analyzing data that come from the business environment
- 9business analyticsvendor defined term; focuses more on tools and techniques for analyzing and understanding data
- 10OLAPonline analytical processing
- 11Data from the business environmentstructure, unstructured, and big data integrated and organized so that they can be analyzed and used by human decision makers
- 12business intelligence infrastructureunderlying foundation of BI, a powerful database that captures all the relevant data to operate the business
- 13business analytics toolsetset of software tools is used to analyze data and produce reports, respond to questions managers pose, and track the progress of the business by using key indicators of performance
- 14managerial users and methodsinclude business performance management and balanced scorecard approaches that focus on key performance indicators, wth special attention to competitors
- 15Delivery PlatformMIS, DSS, ESS
- 16user interfacethe presentation of data is key. How do I present the data to a manager (end user) in a way that he can understand it clearly and quickly
- 17data visualizationtools such as rich graphs, charts, dashboards, and maps
- 18production reportspredefined reports based on industry-specific requirements
- 19parameterized reportsusers enter several parameters to filter data and isolate impacts of parameters
- 20dashboards/scorecardsthese are visual tools for presenting performance data users define
- 21ad hoc query/search/report creationallows users to create their own reports based on queries and searches
- 22drill downability to move from a high level summary to a more detailed view
- 23forecasts, scenarios, modelsinclude capabilities for linear forecasting what-if scenario analysis, and data analysis, using standard statistical tools
- 24predictive analyticsuse statistical analysis, data mining techniques, historical data, and assumptions about future conditions to predict future trends and behavior patterns (credit scoring)
- 25operational intelligencedecisions that deal with how to run the business on a day-to-day basis
- 26location analyticsthe ability to gain business insight from the location (geographic) component of data, including location data from mobile phones, output from sensors or scanning devices, and data from maps
- 27geographic information systems (GIS)provide tools to help decision makers visualize problems that benefit from mapping
- 28sensitivity analysismodels ask wha-if questions repeatedly to predict a range of outcomes when one or more variables are changed multiple times
- 29pivot tableused for multi-dimensional analysis, super-user managers and analysts employ to identify and understand patterns in business information that may be useful for semistructured decision making
- 30balanced scorecard methodthe leading methodology for understanding this important information a firm's executives need, form of ESS
- 31key performance indicators (KPI's)the measures proposed by senior management for understanding how well the firm is performing along any given dimension (if you are a bank, an indicator would be how long it takes for you to create a new customer account)
- 32business performance management (BPM)attempts to translate a firm's strategies (differentiation, low cost producer, market share growth, and scope of operation) systematically into operational targets
- 33drill-downan action that displays a more detailed view of data
- 34Group Decision-support systems (GDSS)interactive computer based systems that facilitate the solution of unstructured problems by a set of decision makers working together as a group in the same location or in different locations
- 35intelligent techniquesconsist of expert systems, case-based reasoning, genetic algorithms, neural networks, fuzzy logic, and intelligent agents
- 36artificial intelligence (AI)consists of computer-based systems (both hardware and software) that attempt to emulate human behavior and thought patterns
- 37expert systemcaptures human expertise in a limited domain of knowledge as a set of rules in a software system that can be used by others in the organization
- 38knowledge baseexpert systems model human knowledge as a set of rules that collectively are called the _______________
- 39inference enginethe strategy used to search through the collection of rules and formulate conclusions is called the _________________
- 40case-based reasoningknowledge and past experiences of human specialists are represented as cases and stored in a database for later retrieval when the user encounters a new case with similar parameters
- 41fuzzy logica rule-based technology that represents such imprecision by creating rules that use approximate or subjective values. represents a description in a small number of flexible rules
- 42neural networksused for solving complex, poorly understood problems for which large amount of data have been collected
- 43genetic algorithmsuseful for finding the optimal solution for a specific problem by examining a very large number of alternative solutions of that problem, based on techniques inspired by evolutionary biology such as inheritance, mutation, selection, and crossover (recombination)
- 44intelligent agentssoftware programs that work in the background without direct human intervention to carry out specific, repetitive, and predictable tasks for an individual user, business process, or software application
- 45knowledge managementrefers to the set of business processes developed in an organization to create, store transfer, and apply knowledge
- 46tacit knowledgeknowledge that resides in the heads of the employees
- 47enterprise-wide knowledge management systemsdeal with all three types of knowledge (structured, semistructured, and tacit)
- 48structured knowledgeexplicit knowledge that exists in formal documents as well as in formal rules that organizations derive by observing expert and their decision-making behaviors
- 49enterprise content management (ECM) systemshelp organizations manage both types of information (structured and semistructured)
- 50digital asset management systemshelp them classify, store, and distribute these digital objects
- 51Learning Management Systems (LMS)provide tools for the management, delivery, tracking, and assessment of various types of employee learning and training
- 52Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)learning management systems that are publicly available
- 53knowledge work systems (KWS)specialize systems for engineers, scientists, and other knowledge workers that are designed to promote the creation of knowledge and ensure that new knowledge and technical expertise are properly integrated into the business
- 54augmented realityrelated technology for enhancing visualization
- 55Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)set of specifications for interactive, three-dimensional modeling on the World Wide Web that organizes multiple media types, including animation, images, and audio, to put users in a simulated real-world environment. platform independent, operates over a desktop computer, and requires little bandwidth
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- Fichas sobre Information Systems-Chapter 11, creado por Kamron White el 20/11/2017.
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