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Adult Development & Aging
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- 1What are some of the contemporary transitions people have to face as they get older?empty nest, grandparethood, retirement
- 2In the 1970's, Neugarten found that many life events had allowable ranges of ____ years or less. More recently, the contemporary social clock has very generous bands of ____ years.5; 28
- 3Erikson downplayed the notion of unconscious sexuality and emphasized what?sociocultural environment
- 4What did Erikson believe was confronted by the challenges from the sociocultural environment?the ego
- 5Successfully reaching intimacy gains what for the individual?enables commitment to a close relationship with another, enables a new identity as a couple
- 6When one faces problems with intimacy, what happens?a refusal to commit or submerge one's own identity into partner's
- 7What does a successful resolution for intimacy v isolation allow?mature love (remaining your own person, but still commiting to another)
- 8Successfully reaching generativity does what for the person?allows people the possibility for raising a family or having a constructive career; recognition of own limitations while striving to help the future
- 9When one faces a crisis with generativity v stagnation, what happens?doubt over one's extent of contribution, or having a contribution at all
- 10Who was Erikson a pupil of?Anna and Sigmund Freud
- 11According to Erikson, what does integrity involve?reflection of life and integration into a coherent whole
- 12Successful resolution of integrity v despair creates the virtue of what?wisdom
- 13What did Levinson find in relation to patterns of change in adult lives?adults alternate between stable periods of life functioning and periods of development upheavals
- 14According to Erikson, what conflict takes place during the stage of integrity v despair?recognition of imminent death and unrealized goals
- 15As you age, what happens to goals?they evolve and change/shift
- 16According to Buhler, what involves choosing goals, working toward them, evaluating goal achievement and setting new goals?intentionality
- 17T of F: Buhler thought that human life is organized from birth-death around a goal activitytrue
- 18According to Buhler, what is needed to successfully progress through adult stages?wise choices and effort
- 19Pre-self Determination Stageat home with family, gaining skills for goal setting
- 20Tentative Self Determinations; what age?15-25; identity formation through life plans, career, relationships and values
- 21Definitive Self Determinations; what age?25-50; consolidating goals in career, marriage and purposeful activity
- 22Assessment Stage, what age?50-65; reevaluation of life goals (losses can trigger this)
- 23What is the last stage of Levinson's Theory? What age?65+, reminiscent of which goals have been met
- 24Which of Levinson's 4 Tasks of middle adulthood is this: find new ways of being both young and old?young-old
- 25Which of Levinson's 4 Tasks of middle adulthood is this: acknowledge past destructiveness and try to create products of value?destruction-creation
- 26Which of Levinson's 4 Tasks of middle adulthood is this: balance masculine and feminine parts of self?masculinity-femininity
- 27Which of Levinson's 4 Tasks of middle adulthood is this: balance involvement with external world and separateness from it?engagement-seperateness
- 28What were the 3 main focuses for Baltes?selection, compensation and optimization
- 29According to Baltes, what is selection?choosing or developing a particular psychological attribute or function that you can do
- 30According to Baltes, what is compensation? Give an example.finding an alternative strategy when another has failed; i.e.) writing down a shopping list instead of trying to rely on memory
- 31According to Baltes, what is optimization? Give an example.movement toward increased efficiency and higher functioning; i.e.) implementing memory strategies such as method of loci
- 32At what age does athletic performance show noticeable decline?65+
- 33The brain's capacity to repair itself following disease, injury or age related cell damage and loss, is called what?plasticity
- 34T or F: myelination continues throughout life.true
- 35At what period in one's life does rapid brain growth center on the frontal lobes?late teens-early 20's
- 36At what period in one's life does rapid brain growth involve the frontal lobes and limbic system? What do these areas do?25-40; contraints impulsivity to allow wise decisions
- 37Blind people learning braille and London taxi drivers having superior spatial skills are examples of what?cognitive skills forming new connections
- 38Neurocognitive growth spurts may occur in early adulthood due to...synaptic pruning
- 39What can improve one's cognitive function?physical fitness
- 40T or F: everyday challenges do not foster brain growth.false
- 41Which developmental process continues throughout adulthood?dialectical thinking
- 42The inner cognitive conflict between continual transformation and coordinating contradictions is what?the dialectical approach
- 43In dialectical thinking, what is the thesis?the core idea
- 44In dialectical thinking, what is the antithesis?the opposing idea
- 45According to Basseches, why does formal operational thinking suffer from inherent logical limitations?implies finding a single solution and it is problematic for systems that are always changing
- 46What did Shaie think adolescent cognitive growth was preparation for?for new opportunities that mature adult responsibilities provide
- 47According to Shaie, what does old age not guarantee?wisdom
- 48What are the 6 stages of Shaie's theory of cognitive development?achieving, responsible, executive, reorganizational, legacy-creating, reintegrative
- 49In Shaie's theory, what stage states that goal-directed orientation when establishing careers and family responsibilities leads to more efficient and effective cognitive function?achieving stage
- 50In Shaie's theory, what stage states that cognitive development occurs through nurturing others?responsible stage
- 51In Shaie's theory, what stage states that only those few exceptional adults involved in solving problems faced by wider social institutions?executive stage
- 52In Shaie's theory, what stage is mortality faced?reorganizational stage
- 53In Shaie's theory, what stage do you leave a legacy for others?legacy-creating stage
- 54In Shaie's theory, what stage do you fit achievement into a larger picture?reintegrative stage
- 55What did Freud suggest to be the 2 main concerns of adults?love and work
- 56What are the 3 developmental prerequisites for adult couple relationships?emotional independence from parents, identity crisis resolved, understanding safe sex
- 57What are the 3 developmental tasks of adult couple relationships?mutual trust/understanding developed through communication, a shared identity as a couple, skills learned for resolving conflict and dealing with life's problems
- 58What are the 3 distinct cognitive and emotional elements of love by Sternberg?passion, commitment, intimacy
- 59According to Sternberg, what is passion?sexual attraction
- 60According to Sternberg, what is commitment?strength of investment in relationship and confidence in its future
- 61According to Sternberg, what is intimacy?degree of mutual affection, confiding and emotional closeness
- 62What is the working model for securely attached people?confident with intimacy, unafraid of abandonment
- 63What are securely attached adults like in romantic relationships?trusting, happy, friendship
- 64What are avoidantly attached adults like in romantic relationships?jealous, emotionally distant, little physical pleasure
- 65What are resistantly attached adults like in romantic relationships?jealous, desperate, emotional highs and lows
- 66What is the working model for avoidantly attached people?stress independence, mistrusting, anxious about closeness
- 67What is the working model for resistantly attached people?seek quick love, complete merging
- 68When someone has a positive model of self and positive model of others, they are...secure
- 69When people have a negative model of self but a positive model of others, they are...preoccupied
- 70When people have a positive model of self, but a negative view of others, they are...dismissing
- 71When people have a negative model of self and a negative model of others, they are...fearful
- 72Marriage stimulates adult cognitive development in what ways?through new challenges, conflicts and pleasures
- 73What are some of the stresses of parenthood?24/7 responsibility for children, more time on chores, fewer recreational activities, less money, less privacy
- 74What is is called when people voluntarily communicate highly private information that can't be obtained otherwise?self-disclosure
- 75What is a predictor of happiness?self-disclosure, even negative self-disclosure
- 76What did Pineo have to say about adult personality development as stress on a marriage?continued personality growth is a necessary prerequisite for adult psychological adjustment, however, there is a need for partners to grow in compatible ways
- 77Marital happiness follows a U-shaped curve. What is this indicating?disenchantment v re-enchantment; re-enchantment often occurs in the later years of marriage, also known as the 'empty nest' period
- 78What contributed to marriage longevity?high affection and confiding in one another
- 79Upon the arrival of a new baby, what contributes to the high stress often experienced?positive/unrealistic expectations, but also the baby's temperament
- 80By age 26, most men still view their mothers in terms of what? How bout women?satisfying their own emotional or practical needs; as an individual in their own right
- 81What is one of the most important psychological needs served by entering the workforce?occupational identity
- 82What poses a serious threat to lifespan identity development?unemployment
- 83What are securely attached adults like with work?high job satisfaction, friendly relations with colleagues, trust in boss/supervisor, confident in job skills, enjoy group work
- 84What are insecurely attached adults like with work?low-moderate job satisfaction, job insecurity, distrust praise from others, worry about own performance
- 85According to Havighurst's theories of career development, mastering skills, climbing career ladder and vocational identity signify what? At what age does this occur?25-39; becoming a productive person
- 86According to Havighurst's theories of career development, development tasks in activism, altruism and mentoring indicate what? At what age does this occur?40-69; maintenance of a productive society
- 87According to Havighurst's theories of career development, search for meaning in a career cycle as a completed process and coming to terms with personal mortality; obtaining wisdom, indicates what? At what age does this occur?70+; contemplating a productive and responsible life
- 88When does a shift in vocational direction and self-concept occur?middle of working lifespan
- 89In relation to the mid career crisis, what can happen around age 40?a drop in self-esteem, intense doubt and questioning values, priorities and identities
- 90What can precipitate the mid-career crisis?burnout
- 91What factors contribute to the stress of caring for aging parents?average 20 hr/wk, sudden start, work and costs increase, hard to witness parents' decline, shift in power balance
- 92It has been found in both the U.S and Canada that _____ are caring for aging parents. Men or women?women
- 93T or F: issue of when to retire is subject to intense debate.true
- 94Retirees who plan ahead show better adjustment. Why?more realistic expectations, better financial management, better use of leisure time
- 95What leads to better retirement preparation?personalities and positive attitudes
- 96"Fear of confirming stereotype reduces functioning"- this leads to what?stereotype threat
- 97After the age of ____, negative perceptions towards aging increase.5
- 98A greater decline in speeded tests shows what?slowing of information processing
- 99What is at risk of decline- fluid or crystallized intelligence?fluid
- 100IQ performance can be dependent on what?physical health
- 101Age-related declines in IQ are more apparent in __________ studies than _______ studies due to cohort affects.cross-sectional, longitudinal
- 102Once people age, increased difficulties in attention occur. Name some of the areas:muti-tasking, focusing on relavent information, switching attention, inhibition
- 103Increased attention difficulties suggests what?a decline in pre-frontal cortex ability
- 104The act of telling stories about people, thoughts, events, feelings from the past is called...reminiscence
- 105There are 3 kinds of reminiscence. What are they?self-focued, other-focused, knowledge-based
- 106What can knowledge-based reminiscence do?can help solve problems
- 107What does other-focused reminiscence do?solidifies relationships
- 108What can self-focused reminiscence do?can deepen despair
- 109When one commits a life review, what takes place?considers the meaning of past experiences, gain greater understanding, can help adjustment
- 110What are some overall predictors of happiness in life?no financial problems, presently married or never married, excellent health, daily contact with friends
- 111What are some predictors of an unhappy life?poor health, financial difficulties, divorced/separated/widowed, no voluntary work/clubs
- 112What could be a reason as to why elderly people are more satisfied with life than younger people?positivity affect
- 113What does the death of one's spouse often provoke?a revision of one's identity
- 114T or F: men cope better than women with the death of their spouse.false
- 115Explain the disengagement theory:successful aging requires social withdrawal and quiet contemplation; divorcing self from other people, social roles and active concern with others
- 116What are the 3 postulates of Disengagement theory?is is normative, mutually desirable by old and by society, produces changes in thought patterns
- 117Explain Activity Theory:continued social activity, commitment and role involvement; if a role is lost, a new role is substituted
- 118Explain Continuity Theory:you continue on from how you have always been (different personality types)
- 119What kind of adult is better adjusted, has a complex inner life, intact cognitive abilities and competent egos?integrated adult
- 120What does research have to say about people who participate in disengagement?they are less satisfied with life; longitudinal research also states that it is difficult to differentiate between voluntary and involuntary disengagement
- 121Explain Socioemotional Selectivity Theory:older people optimize psychological functioning in face of biological decline; an older person's social network changes and becomes narrower and deeper
- 122What plays an essential role in human motivation?a subjective sense of the future
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- Fichas sobre Adult Development & Aging, creado por jordanhuselton el 12/06/2013.
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