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Behaviour Therapy
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- 1What is 'clinical animal behaviour'?Use of scientific principles of animal behaviour to modify unwanted behaviour (which can change depending on the owner)
- 2What is a 'Behaviour problem'?Companion animals displaying behaviours not compatible with their owners' expectations.
Can be: - normal behaviour for the species but inappropriate for domestic setting.
- abnormal behaviour that develops as a result of environmental factors
- medical problems with behavioural signs eg. pulling on the lead when the owner is ill is a problem compared to when person is healthy - 3Why is understanding basic behaviour important for vets?- provide preventative advice to owners
- answer questions in routine consults
- rule out medical differentials
- behaviour problems common reason for euthanasia or re-homing - 4What type of cases can be seen?- Behaviours which are normal for the species but which occur in an inappropriate context in the domestic situation
- Behaviours that are not normally part of the behavioural repertoire, but develop in response to environmental factors
- Behaviours which develop in response to pathological changes - 5What is it important to consider?Ethology of the species
Genetics ( breeds do play a role but do not be BREEDIST) -however owners will often pick up the behaviour which they 'expect' to be in that breed
Experiences during early sensitive periods
Experiences throughout life - 6What is it important to know in order to know the abnormal?- Normal behaviour of each species
- How individual responses develop
- Understanding of cognitive abilities and limitations of each species
- Pathological or physiological changes that may result in behavioural changes - 7What is Ethology?- Evolutionary history of the ancestral species
- Environment that influenced behaviour selection
- Social behaviour
Animals will 'default' to this if left alone technically. - 8Why might ethology not be accurate when thinking about companion animal behaviour?- Changes in selective pressures over domestication
Biology: sensory perception, many animals will know who has been where and when. - 9How are individual responses developed?- Simple learning: Habituation (repeated stimulus to reduce) vs. Sensitisation ( enhanced response to stimulus over constant exposure)
The level of stimulus at the start will cause habituation vs sensitisation - 10What is associative learning?- Associations made between "important events" and the things that predict them
- Associations made between an action and the consequence of the action
There is always negative and positive associations to be made, and inconsistency in the response can lead to behaviour problems. - 11What is the sensitive period of learning?Dogs = 4-8wks
Cats: 2-6wks
It is a period of rapid brain development and learning about the 'normal' environment - 12How do animals learn social skills?Individuals are not born with ability to use and understand communications generally where problems arise further on.
The skills need to be learnt and communications with other species also needs to be learnt - 13How do dogs learn their social skills?Puppies will be taught from older dogs, who will tolerate puppy behaviour to an extent.
Need to ensure that the older dog is not too tolerant as then the puppy will not learn how to socialise with other dogs. - 14How do humans perceive their pets behaviour?Will interpret pets behaviour from a human perspective e.g. will over estimate cognitive abilities, assume ability to associate temporarily diverse events - owner thinks pet is "guilty" but actually showing appeasement behaviour
or using 'traditional' theories e.g. may under estimate cognitive abilities, assume a simplistic explanation for a behaviour - 15What physiological and pathological factors can cause behavioural change?Normal physiological changes: e.g. reproductive hormone fluctuations
Pathological disease: may be causal factor or contributory factor - 16How must behaviour be applied to cases?- Get an informed history from owner
- Evaluate how the pattern of development of each relates to understanding of ethology, learning etc - 17What is it important to look for when in a consult for behaviour?Always watch the animal's behaviour towards the owners and changes according to the reaction of the owners
- 18What should treatment of behaviour problems involve?Need to get across to the owner why the behaviour is occurring from their pets' perspective
Devise a treatment programme that will result in change in the animal's behaviour and is feasible for the owner to carry out in their circumstances - 19What is it important to remember about the treatment programme?The owner must be motivated to follow the treatment programme, need a middle-ground of where owners come in after some time but not completely left on their own!
- 20What behaviour modifications techniques are there?- Desensitisation: slow-progression, need to start with level where animal is not reacting then gradually increase - may be able to use a drug to stop exposure during the sensitised period
- Counter- conditioning: cause a reaction to something that was good by not desensitisationnot properly
- Flooding: but causes extremem reaction further down the line - 21What are training techniques?Positive reinforcement: negative behaviour is ignored, good/wanted is rewarded
Negative reinforcement: negative thing is removed when they do correct thing
Positive punishment: "telling off"
Negative punishment: withholding something nice - 22Who are non-vets that are qualified for animal behaviour management?Clinical Animal Behaviourist (CCAB) accredited: there are a list of registered with the Association for Study of Animla Behaviour (ASAB)
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- 1 Clinical Veterinary Science Fichas sobre Behaviour Therapy, creado por Rebecca Hitchman el 12/04/2018.
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- Rebecca Hitchman
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