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Topic 3: Egypt
Fichas del conjunto (46)
- 1The hunters and gatherers who found the Nile River began herding animals in the ______ millennium BCE and sowing grains by about _______ BCEninth millennium BCE and sowing grains by about 7500 BCE
- 2the ancient Egyptian political structure is recognized for the establishment oflong lasting, unified kingdoms
- 3the growing Egyptian population had no choice but to settle in either the upper or lower Nile valley, and two main kingdoms naturally emerged:Egypt to the north and Nubia to the south
- 4What allowed the Egyptians to cultivate a variety of food crops including wheat, barley, dates, grapes, and onions?The tropical rains from the Ethiopian mountains poured into the Nile and left behind rich volcanic silt when the water receded
- 5Proto-Dynastic Period: years, ruler was a ruler of _____ Egypt, conquered ______ Egypt leaving the country politically united3100-3000 BCE
First Egyptian Dynasty
King Narmer (Menes)
ruled upper Egypt, conquered lower Egypt - 6Famous stone that dates back to about the 31st century BCE and contains some of the earliest known hieroglyphicsPalette of Narmer
- 7Early Dynastic Period years began with King _______ The city of _________ eventually became the capital3000–2686 BCE
Second Egyptian Dynasty
King Aha
City of Memphis - 8Egyptian King's main responsibilities.... King embodied what?performing rituals that appeased the gods and assured ma’at (the divine order of things
Egyptians’ religious outlook that saw him as the embodiment of the god Horus - 9Who assisted the king? What were the responsibilities of this role?vizier, or prime minister, who oversaw the daily operations of the state
- 10Old Kingdom years aka "Age of ___" most famous ruler: last powerful ruler:2686–2180 BCE, "Age of the Pyramids"
Third Egyptian Dynasty
Djoser (c. 2668-2649 BCE)
Pepi II, who reigned 90 years - 11Djoser was known for?his step-pyramid, but it was his vizier Imhotep who constructed it as well as implemented a number of policies that strengthened the position of king
- 12First Intermediate Periodmarked by a series of weak kings and the decline of central government
2180-2040 BCE - 13Middle Kingdom first king:2040-1720 BCE, Fourth Egyptian Dynasty
Mentuhotep II (r. 2040–2010 BCE) - 14During Middle Kingdom: the city of _____ replaced Memphis in importance. over ______ years of ______ The god _____ became most prominentThebes
over 300 years of peace
the god Amun, or Amon - 15During Middle Kingdom, trade encouraged what?contact with other regions replaced the isolationist policy of the Old Kingdom
- 16Second Intermediate Period1720-1540 BCE
Egyptian period at the end of the Middle Kingdom when the nomadic people known as the Hyksos took over and ruled lower Egypt - 17New Kingdom founded by: founding of the term, "____"1550-1070 BCE, fifth Egyptian Dynasty
Ahmosis (r. 1550–1525 BCE), an Egyptian nobleman from Thebes
"pharaoh" - 18Queen Hatshepsut (r. 1479–1458 BCE)The first influential female pharaoh.
initiated the first state policy to establish trade routes and expand commerce beyond the borders of Egypt - 19Amenhotep IV (c. 1350–1334 BCE)changed his name to Akhenaten and elevated his own personal god Aton as the only god of the state (thus instituting monotheism)
was disgraced after death and his memory was attempted at being erased - 20Ramses II (1279–1212 BCE)most celebrated pharaoh of the New Kingdom, and ruler for 60 years
His campaign against the Hittites concluded with the Battle of Kadesh (c. 1274) - 21The Hebrew Torah makes _______ famous as the king who endured divine punishment and ultimately allowed the Hebrews led by Moses to leave EgyptRamses II
- 22The economic and external pressures resulted in the collapse of the _____. Filling this political vacuum would be ___ & ____ tribes occupied and ruled Egypt until the arrival of the _______Remessid Dynasty
Lybyan and Nubian tribes
arrival of the Neo-Assyrians - 23The Hyksos toppled Egyptian rule in the seventeenth century BCE. Their success is attributed toThey used horse-drawn chariots, bronze swords, and bronze-tipped arrows—ideas borrowed from Mesopotamians and Hittites
- 24The New Kingdom followed a policy of _____expansion. With a mobile army and new weaponry, they were determined to play an active role in the region
- 25Considered both a spell book and practical manual. Helps the deceased navigate the afterlife. Owning a copy was a sign of wealth and status. Contents are interwoven into Egyptian religionEgyptian Book of the Dead
- 26comes to mean truth, order, stability, balance, harmony, wisdom, justice, and much more. reated by the gods at the creation and indicates that everything is in its proper placema'at
- 27Two other concepts, ____ & ____ are likewise associated with creation and the divine orderka and ba
- 28ka: ba:ka: Egyptian form in the afterlife
ba: soul. the expression of one’s personality, presence, and power. can roam freely but requires the body to exist - 29There is some evidence for mummification during the pre-dynastic period, but it likely became fashionable during the ____ or ____Early Dynastic Period or Old Kingdom
- 30Mummification continued in Egypt until the _______Christian Era
- 31a goddess who represented truth, justice, and orderMa'at
- 32Most pyramids were built during the ______. How many have been found?Old Kingdom, 138
- 33include the tombs of Pharaohs Khufu, Khafre, and Menakaure, as well as mortuary temples, a mastaba (eternal house), and smaller pyramids for members of the royal family and important officialsThe Great Pyramids of Giza
- 34the last major Egyptian pyramid was built in664 BCE
- 35Throughout the Old Kingdom period, the pyramid was the standard burial chamber for members of the royal class. But by the ____ century BCE, their use had died out18th century BCE
- 36Egyptians required specialized knowledge to build and measure and manipulate farmland, it is believed that the study of _______ originates with them.geometry
- 37The discovery of the ____________ during _________ campaign in Egypt in ________ gave us the tools to do soRosetta stone, Napoleon's, 1798 CE
- 38a decree of a later Egyptian king written in three scripts--Greek, Demotic (cursive Egyptian), and Middle Kingdom HieroglyphsRosetta stone
- 39_________, meaning "sacred carvings," a system of pictographs and sound symbolsheiroglyphics
- 40The physical connections between Mesopotamia and Egypt were based on trade through the ____. where cities along the coast served as middlemen in the exchange of goods.Levant (the region of modern Syria, Lebanon, and Israel),
- 41By the late ________through the ________, both Egypt and Mesopotamia were neighbors and traded directly.late Middle Kingdom through the New Kingdom
- 42There were no direct historical or political connections between Mesopotamia and Egypt until ___________the late Bronze Age
- 43both Mesopotamia and Egypt would later be unified politically under the ______________________Neo-Assyrian Empire (and its successor, the Persian Empire)
- 44__________ saw their gods as powerful, destructive, and indifferent, while the __________ saw their gods as kind, caring, and benignMesopotamians
Egyptians - 45What were the two regions that early Egypt was divided into?Upper Egypt in the South and Lower Egypt in the North
- 46Re, Amun, Ptah, and Horus reflect which aspect of Egyptian civilization?religion
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- Fichas sobre Topic 3: Egypt, creado por Maggie Webster el 21/06/2018.
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