Fichas
chemistry - Atomic Structure and Periodic Table
Fichas del conjunto (38)
- 1What is an atom?Atoms are the smallest part of an element that can exist
- 2What are differences between an element and a compound?Elements are only made of one type of atom, While compounds contain two or more types of atom bonded together
- 3How are compounds formed?Through chemical reactions
- 4What is the trend when naming compounds?Compounds containing only two elements end in "ide" e.g. sodium chloride.
compounds containing two elements plus oxygen together end in "ate" e.g. sodium carbonate. - 5What is a mixture?A mixture consists of two or more elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded
- 6How are mixtures separated?Mixtures can be separated in different ways. These include: liquid and solid by filtration, two liquids by distillation, fractional distillation and chromatography
- 7How do you extract dissolved solids?Dissolved compounds/ elements can be purified by crystallisation
- 8What is the atomic model proposed by J.J. Thomson?The plum pudding model which had a ball of positive charge with negative bits in
- 9what key information about the atom was found in Rutherford's scattering experiment?Rutherford's scattering experiment discovered that the atom consists of empty space and the presence of a nucleus
- 10What did Bohr propose?Bohr suggested that electrons orbited the nucleus
- 11What are the relative charges of protons, neutrons and electrons?Protons have a +1 charge, neutrons have a 0 charge and electrons have a -1 charge
- 12In an atom, what is the trend between number of protons and number of electrons?In an atom, the number of protons = the number of electrons
- 13Where can I find the number of proton on the Periodic Table?The number of protons is called the "atomic number" or "proton number" on the Periodic Table
- 14What part of the nucleus makes elements different?Each element has a different number of protons: H = 1, Na = 11
and Ca = 20 - 15Define a nanometer1nm = 1x10-9m and 1m = 1x109nm
- 16What is the relative size of a proton, neutron and electron?The mass of a proton = 1, a neutron = 1 and an electron = 1/2000
- 17What is the atomic mass?Number of protons + number of neutrons = Atomic mass
- 18Define an Isotope?Isotopes are atoms of the same elements that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
- 19What is the trend of electrons in the first three electron shells?Electrons fill energy levels like so: 2 in the first, 8 in the second and 8 in the third (2,8,8)
- 20Do electrons fill the highest energy level or the lowest energy level first?Electrons fill the lowest energy level first
- 21What is the trend between group number and electron configuration?The number of electrons in the outer shell of the atom tells you what Group it is in on the Periodic Table
- 22How is the Periodic Table organised?The elements in the Periodic Table go along by increasing number of protons
- 23Why are elements organised into groups?Elements in the same group have similar reactivity and chemical properties.
The groups (columns) tell you how many electrons are in the outer most shell - 24What do the rows tell you in the Periodic Table?The period (rows) tell you how many shells an atom has
- 25How was the Periodic Table organised?The elements in the Periodic Table were organised by the atomic weights
- 26What was the problem with the early Periodic Table?It was incomplete and some elements were inappropriate groups because they were order by atomic weight
- 27What did Mendeleev do?Left gaps for undiscovered elements and arranged elements by properties not atomic weight
- 28What did knowledge of isotopes lead to?It led to an explanation for why atomic wasn't the right order
- 29What are group 1 elements referred as?Alkali metals
- 30What are the similarities and difference with alkali metals?Group 1 metals have similar properties because they have 1 electron in their outer shell. Reactivity increases going down the group
- 31What do alkali metals react with?Alkali metals react with oxygen, chlorine and water
- 32How are ions formed?Metals react to form positive ions by losing electrons.
Non- metals react to form negative ions by gaining electrons - 33Why are Group 0 elements called Noble Gases?Group 0 elements are called the "Noble Gases" because they are very unreactive
- 34Why are Noble Gases unreactive? What trends do you see?Group 0 elements are unreactive because they have a full outer shell of electrons.
As you go down Group 0, their boiling points increase. - 35What are Group 7 elements known as? Why do they have similar properties?Group 7 elements are known as the "Halogens" and they react similarly because they all have 7 electrons in their outer shell
- 36What is trend of properties as you go down group 7?As you go down the group, the elements weight, melting and boiling point increase.
As you go down group 7, the halogens become less reactive - 37What happens when a halogen reacts with a metal?Group 7 elements react with metals to form salts ending in "ide" e.g. sodium chloride.
- 38What happens when you introduce a more reactive halogen to a salt containing a less reactive halogen?A more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from a salt