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Electricity
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- 1Electricity Generation. Electricity for powering our homes, schools and businesses is made in power stations. Spinning turbines turn large magnets within wire coils - this causes electrons to move, which results in electricity. Turbine generators turn, spinning giant magnets within copper coils to create energy.Electricity is a form of energy and it occurs in nature, so it was not “invented.” As to who discovered it, many misconceptions abound. Some give credit to Benjamin Franklin for discovering electricity, but his experiments only helped establish the connection between lightning and electricity, nothing more.
- 2There are two types of Electricity, Static Electricity and Current Electricity. Static Electricity is made by rubbing together two or more objects and making friction while Current electricity is the flow of electric charge across an electrical field.Static Electricity
Static electricity is when electrical charges build up on the surface of a material. It is usually caused by rubbing materials together. The result of a build-up of static electricity is that objects may be attracted to each other or may even cause a spark to jump from one to the other. For Example rub a baloon on a wool and hold it up to the wall.
Before rubbing, like all materials, the balloons and the wool sweater have a neutral charge. This is because they each have an equal number of positively charged subatomic particles (protons) and negatively charged subatomic particles (electrons). When you rub the balloon with the wool sweater, electrons are transferred from the wool to the rubber because of differences in the attraction of the two materials for electrons. The balloon becomes negatively charged because it gains electrons from the wool, and the wool becomes positively charged because it loses electrons. - 3Current Electricity Current is the rate of flow of electrons. It is produced by moving electrons and it is measured in amperes. Unlike static electricity, current electricity must flow through a conductor, usually copper wire. Current with electricity is just like current when you think of a river. The river flows from one spot to another, and the speed it moves is the speed of the current. With electricity, current is a measure of the amount of energy transferred over a period of time. That energy is called a flow of electrons. One of the results of current is the heating of the conductor. When an electric stove heats up, it's because of the flow of current. There are different sources of current electricity including the chemical reactions taking place in a battery. The most common source is the generator. A simple generator produces electricity when a coil of copper turns inside a magnetic field. In a power plant, electromagnets spinning inside many coils of copper wire generate vIn the late 19th century, three brilliant inventors, Thomas Edison, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, battled over which electricity system—direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC)–would become standard. During their bitter dispute, dubbed the War of the Currents, Edison championed the direct-current system, in which electrical current flows steadily in one direction, while Tesla and Westinghouse promoted the alternating-current system, in which the current’s flow constantly alternates.
- 4The most famous of the three visionary men, Edison, developed the world’s first practical light bulb in the late 1870s, then began building a system for producing and distributing electricity so businesses and homes could use his new invention. He opened his first power plant, in New York City, in 1882. Two years later, Tesla, a young Serbian engineer, immigrated to America and went to work for Edison.Tesla helped improve Edison’s DC generators while also attempting to interest his boss in an AC motor he’d been developing; however, the Wizard of Menlo Park, a firm supporter of DC, claimed AC had no future. Tesla quit his job in 1885 and a few years later received a number of patents for his AC technology. In 1888, he sold his patents to industrialist George Westinghouse, whose Westinghouse Ele mctric Company had quickly become an Edison competitor.
- 5Feeling threatened by the rise of AC, which could be distributed over long distances much more economically than DC, Edison launched a propaganda campaign to discredit AC and convince the public it was dangerous. As part of this campaign, animals were publicly electrocuted with AC, and when New York State sought a more humane alternative to hanging its death-penalty prisoners, Edison, once an opponent of capital punishment, recommended alternating current-powered electrocution as the fastest, deadliest option. In 1890, convicted murderer William Kemmler became the first person to die in the electric chair. The apparatus, designed by an electricity salesman secretly on Edison’s payroll, was powered by a Westinghouse AC generator.Ultimately, however, Edison failed in his efforts to discredit AC. Westinghouse won the contract to supply electricity to the 1893 World’s Fair in Chicago—beating out rival General Electric, which was formed in 1892 by a merger involving Edison’s company—and the expo became a dazzling showcase for Tesla’s AC system. Westinghouse also received an important contract to construct the AC generators for a hydro-electric power plant at Niagara Falls; in 1896, the plant started delivering electricity all the way to Buffalo, New York, 26 miles away. The achievement was regarded as the unofficial end to the War of the Currents, and AC became dominant in the electric power industry.
- 6How is electricity made? Electricity is a secondary energy source – we get it from the conversion of other sources of energy, such as coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources. These are called primary energy sources. The process of generating electricity to use for power takes place in power stations. Here's an overview of how it works:Large machines called turbines are turned very quickly – this requires a lot of energy, such as heat, wind or moving water.
The spinning turbines cause large magnets to turn within copper wire coils – these are the generators.
The moving magnets within the coil of wire cause electrons (charged particles) to move within the wire – this is electricity. - 7Are there different types of generators? Yes, there are many different types of generators used to produce electricity. These include: Steam turbine generators Gas turbine generators Diesel engine generators Alternate energy systems Nuclear power plants While they may be different, all these generators operate on the same principle: Magnets + copper wire + spinning motion = electric current The electricity produced is the same, regardless of source.How does electricity reach our homes?
From power stations, electricity flows to large transmission lines held up by huge towers. These lines carry large amounts of electricity to substations in cities and towns.
From the substations, distribution lines carry smaller amounts of electricity to houses and businesses.
What Do You Mean?
Electrical energy is caused by moving electric charges called electrons.
Electricity is a type of energy that comes from electrical energy.
Power stations are where electricity is generated.
Turbines are machines for producing continuous power. In power stations, turbines are turned using energy from sources such as heat, wind and moving water.
Generators are machines for converting motion energy into electricity.
The electricity we use in our homes, schools and businesses is generated in power stations. Here, spinning turbines turn large magnets within wire coils. This causes electrons to move, which results in electricity.
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- Fichas sobre Electricity, creado por Klever Ponce el 16/12/2018.
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- Klever Ponce
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