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Embodied Cognition
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- 1What is embodied cognition?Dynamic interplay between organism and environment
- 2Define features of the organismNot static
Complex
Influenced by both past & present - 3What is Classic Cognitivism?1960s-1970s
Mind = Computer paradigm
TOTE (Test, Operate, Test, Experiment) - 4Give an example that could be used to explain classic cognitivismWriting a paragraph. Put together notes that fall under an abstract concept of what a paragraph is.
- 5Miller, Galanter & Pribram (1960)Cognitive systems = Computational representational systems
internal info --> Test input --> Generate output. - 6Fodor & Pylshyn (1988)information --> Transduced --> Amodal symbols
- Semantic memory - 7what are internal representations?Language, concept formation and memory are internal representations that are distinct from sensorimotor system
- 8Hurley (1998)Inputs (perceptions) + Outputs (actions) are separated from the mind
- 9What is Connectionist Systems Theory?1980s
No central executive
All connections are local and each node can update which determines the systems evolution - 10What is a major problem for the connectionist model?How are we aware of these connections?
- 11Wilson (2002)Mind --> Interaction of physical body + external world
- 12What is meant by simulation mechanism?Knowledge + Sensorimotor experiences run a simulation.
- 13What did Barsalou (1999) say a simulation was?A simulation is a re-enactment of brain state that occurs when interacting with a categorie's members.
e.g. When thinking of a non-present object, the cognitive system simulates properties of the object in the visual system. - 14What is the classical view of cognitive processing?1. Concepts = symbols
2. Abstract
3. Amodal representations
4. Static
5. Hierarchal
6. Knowing NOT doing - 15What does embodied cognition say about cognition?1. Concepts = Reactivations/simulations of neural patterns implicated in experiences
2. Concrete
3. Multimodal representations
4. Dynamic
5. Organised
6. Useful for doing, adaptive functioning. - 16Where does language come from according to embodied cognition?Language comes from interactions with physical world and use of schema (pre-linguistic structure of experience that motivates conceptual metaphor mappings).
- 17Zwaan, Stanfield & Yaxley (2002)Ps read sentences describing an animal in certain location (sky/nest). Then presented with a drawing. Ps had to judge whether object had been mentioned in sentence.
Results:
- Faster RT when pic + sentence matched
= People activate perceptual systems during language comprehension. - 18DiPaolo et al (2014)We are active participants in the generation of meaning
- 19What is The Extended Mind Hypothesis? Clark & Chalmers (1998)Mind + Environment coupled system.
- 20Meadow & Beilock (2010)Actions -> Influence how we think
Gestures -> Influence how we think
Gestures contain detailed perceptual-motor info about actions they represent that cannot be found in speech alone.
Gestures actively bring action into speaker's mental representations
Gestures bridge together action + abstract thought. - 21Influence of Robotics?Modern computational approaches stress that AI can only be achieved if we create machnes with sensory motor skills which are connected to external world.
- 22Grazes & Decety (2002)Brain imaging studies show that perception of objects automatically affords actions
- 23Linda et al (2000)fMRI -> Activation of left ventral premotor cortex when naming pictures
- 24Hawk et al (2004)Action words activate premotor cortex
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- Fichas sobre Embodied Cognition , creado por Kirsten Wright el 21/05/2019.
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- Kirsten Wright
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