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Vertebral Column
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- 1Vertebral Column : FunctionsProtects the spinal cord and spinal nerves
Supports the trunk and rigid and flexible axis for body posture and locomotion - 2Vertebral Column contains:33 vertebrae :
7 Cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal - 3Lamina + pedicles =vertebral arch/neural arch
- 4Body + neural arch =vertebral foramen
- 5Articular facets connect:vertebrae to each other
- 6Costal facets connect:ribs to vertebrae
- 7Which vertebrae has costal facets?thoracic
- 8Intervertebral foraminaFormed by the superior and inferior vertebral notches
- 9What does the Intervertebral foramina do?transmits spinal nerve and accompanying vessels
- 10What forms the vertebral column?the facets on the superior and inferior articular processes
- 11Cervical Vertebrae: Positions of articular facetsSuperior articular facet : faces superiposteriorly
Inferior articular facet: faces inferanteriorly - 12Cervical Vertebrae : Describe Spinous ProcessBifid (Variable not C7 or C1) for nuchal ligament
- 13Why does the Cervical have a large, triangular shaped vertebral foramen?for cervical enlargement of spinal cord all of the nerves that go out to the whole upper limb
- 14AtlasC1: holding the world ( brain)
No body
No spinous process ( Posterior tubercle instead)
Has superior articular facets, lateral masses, anterior arch, posterior arch - 15AxisC2
has a bifid spinous process
Dens (odontoid process) * can be considered the body of C1
allows for rotation of the head - 16Atlanto-axial jointRotating C1(atlas) around the dens of C2 (axis)- (posterior portion of the anterior arch of C1)
*Rotation - shake head no
C1 travels with skull only - 17Atlanto-occipital jointTo shake head "yes" Head flexion and extension
Btwn C1 and occipital condyle - 18Jefferson Burst Fracture (C1)Car accident : head hits top of car - high vertical force coming and up ; split C1 and burst open
- 19Hangman's Fracture (C2)not killing person - side effect
heat rotate back and pedicle pressure - 20Why does the vertebrae increase in size inferiorly?because the weight is increasing
- 21Thoracic VertebraeNo transverse foramen (where the vertebral artery comes out from the neck is superior to the thoracic)
Not bifid
projected spinous process ( down)
vertically oriented superior and inferior facets
Small and round vertebral foramen
Costal facets for articulation of the ribs - 22Articular (Costal) facet patternsRib 1 ( complete costal fascet on superior body of T1)
Ribs need more support : they come out to project posteriorly and hit the transverse process before curving anteriorly
Rib 2 (demi-fascet) - articulate T1 inferiorly and and T2 - 23T1 : types of costal facets- complete superior costal facet
-demi-facet inferiorly
-transverse costal facet - 24T2-T9: Types of costal facetsdemi facets superior and inferior
Transverse costal facets - 25T11 - T12 : ribs and costal facetsFloating ribs - don't need the kind of weight rib support
Complete costal facets
No transverse costal facet - 26T10: location of demi -costal facetsuperior (unlike T1-T9)
Still has a transverse costal facet - 27The head of the vertebrae articulates on two vertebrae : from rib_ to rib_Rib 2 to 10
- 28Lumbar VertebraeNo transverse foramen : large in size
superior facets face posteromedially and inferior facets face anteriolaterally (makes the linkages stronger because they are curved on each other)
short and sturdy spinous processes
triangular vertebral foramen - (cauda equina) - 29Five fused vertebraeSacrum; sitting between two hip bones
Anterior and posterior sacral foramina ( spinal nerves exit - not continuous due to sacral canal) - 30Coccyx is made :usually made of 4 rudimentary vertebra, but can range between 3 to 5
- 31Intervertebral Discs - percentage of vertebral column length20% of vertebral column
- 32Intervertebral Discs: composed of two structuresAnnulus fibrosus -ring of fibrocartilage (outer)
Nucleus pulposus- gelatinous mass (inner) - 33Intervertebral (IV) discs functionweight bearing
shock absorption - 34NO Intervertebral discs@ the atlanto-occipital joint and atlanto-axial joint or sacral ( anything that is fused)
- 35One of the major causes of Sciatica?Herniation of Intervertebral Discs
- 36Herniation/Protrusion of Intervertebral discsBending down - pushing way too much of the weight on the anterior portion of intervertebral discs. Nucleus pulposus is going to push back, fraying the posterior side of the annulus fibrosus. The gelatinous frees (nucleus pulposus) itself and moves posterio-laterally and hit spinal nerve
- 3795% of lumbar disc protrusions occur at the...L4-L5 or L5-S1 vertebral levels
- 38Spinal nerves exist from?Intervertebral foramen
- 39Ligamentsconnect bone to bone
- 40Help the vertebral column stay in place?Muscles and ligaments
- 41Anterior Longitudinal Ligament- strong
-broad fibrous band running down anteriorly along the vertebral bodies and discs - 42Which ligament prevents hyperextension?anterior longitudinal ligament
- 43Posterior Longitudinal LigamentNarrow, weaker ( can easily fray annulus fibrous- causing Herniation) posterior side of the vertebral bodies
- 44which ligament can prevent hyperflexion?posterior longitudinal ligament
- 45Ligaments of Vertebral Column?Anterior Longitudinal ligament
Posterior Longitudinal ligament
Supraspinous ligament
Interspinous ligament
Ligamentum Flavum - 46Supraspinous Ligament runs down the tips of .....spinous processes from C7 to sacrum
- 47Ligament adjoining spinous processes?Interspinous ligament
- 48which ligament connects laminae of adjacent vertebrae?Ligamentum Flavum (elastic yellow bands of tissue)
- 49which ligament limits flexion?Ligamentum flavum
- 50Whiplash cases - which ligament is affected?Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (extending too much)
- 51Superior to C7?Nuchal ligament
- 52Nuchal Ligamentthick, fibroelastic median band from the external occipital protuberance - C7
- 53How does the nuchal ligament help with muscle attachment?cervical vertebrae- spinous processes are short , allows for attachment
- 54Primary curvature of the verteberal columnT/sacral- kyphoses
present from birth
concave anteriorly - 55Secondary curvature of vertebral columnc/t lordoses
concave posteriorly - 56what region of the vertebral develops when infant holds up head and when toddler begins to stand?-cervical
-lumbar - 57Hump or Hunch Back is due to excesskyphosis (excessive thoracic kyphosis)
- 58Sway or hollow back due to excessivelumbar lordosis
- 593 Meninges of Spinal CordDura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater - 60Outermost layer, thick fibrous tissue covering of spinal cord?Dura Mater
- 61Deep to dura mater?Filmy layer deep to dura mater
- 62What anchors spinal cord to dura mater?denticulate ligament
- 63Thin piece of pia mater extending distally; termination of spinal cordFilium terminale
- 643 Associated spaces of the Meninges of spinal cord:epidural
subdural
subarachnoid - 65Epidural is the space between ___ and ____dura mater and vertebral column
- 66Potential space between dura mater and arachnoid matersubdural
- 67Subarachnoid space between ____ and ____arachnoid mater and pia mater
CSF located here
Lumbar cistern enlargement
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- Fichas sobre Vertebral Column , creado por Gina Fatahi el 18/01/2015.
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- Gina Fatahi
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