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chapter 9:psychology
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- 1ELEMENTS OF COGNITIONCONCEPT
PROPOSITION
COGNITIVE SCHEMAS
MENTAL IMAGES - 2CONCEPTSA MENTAL CATEGORY THAT GROUPS RELATIONS HAVING COMMON PROPERTIES
- 3BASIC CONCEPTSCONCEPTS THAT HAVE A MODERATE NUMBER OF INSTANCES THAT ARE EASIER TO ACQUIRE
- 4PROTOTYPEAN ESPECIALLY REPRESENTATIVE EXAMPLE OF A CONCEPT
- 5PROPOSITIONA UNIT OF MEANING THAT IS MADE UP OF CONCEPTS AND EXPRESSES A SINGLE IDEA
I.E. APPLES ARE RED - 6COGNITIVE SCHEMASINTEGRATED MENTAL NETWORK OF KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS CONCERNING A PARTICULAR TOPIC OF THE WORLD
I.E. DIFFERENT TYPES OF APPLES HAVE DIFFERENT COLORS AND TASTES - 7MENTAL IMAGESMENTAL REPRESENTATION THAT RESEMBLES THE THING IT REPRESENTS
I.E. APPLES VS. APPLE COMPUTER - 8SUBCONSCIOUS PROCESSMENTAL PROCESSES OCCURING OUTSIDE OF CONSCIOUS AWARENESS BUT ACCESSIBLE TO CONSCIOUS NESS WHEN NECESSARY
I.E. PERFORMING WITHOUT THINKING: KNITTING, TYPING, DRIVING - 9NON-CONSCIOUS PROCESSESMENTAL PROCESSES OUTSIDE OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND NOT AVAILABLE TO CONSCIOUS AWARENESS
I.E. GETTING MILK OUT OF THE FRIDGE OR "AHAA MOMENTS" - 10TYPES OF NON-CONSCIOUS PROCESSIMPLICIT LEARNING
MINDLESSNESS - 11IMPLICIT LEARNINGLEARNING THAT OCCURSWHEN YOU ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE OF SOMETHING WITHOUT BEING AWARE OF HOW OR WHAT YOU LEARNED
I.E. SPEAKING OR WALKING UP STAIRS - 12MINDLESSNESSMENTAL INFLEXIBILITY, INERTIA AND OBLIVIOUSNESS TO THE PRESENT CONTEXT
I.E. PHOTOCOPY STUDY - 13REASONINGDRAWING CONCLUSIONS FROM OBSERVATIONS, FACTS, OR ASSUMPTIONS
- 14FORMAL REASONINGPROBLEMS SOLVED USING ESTABLISHED METHODS
I.E. ALGORITHMS - 15INFORMAL REASONING PROBLEMSTHERE IS NO CLEAR CORRECT SOLUTION
I.E. MANY DIFFERENT APPROACHES - 16DEDUCTIVE REASONINGA CONCLUSION FOLLOWS NECESSARILY FROM CERTAIN PREMISES
I.E. IF PREMISE IS TRUE. CONCLUSION MUST BE TRUE
I.E. ALL MEN ARE MORTAL. JOE IS A MAN. THEREFORE JOE IS MORTAL - 17INDUCTIVE REASONINGWHEN THE PREMISE PROVIDES SUPPORT FOR A CONCLUSION, BUT IT IS STILL POSSIBLE FOR CONCLUSION TO BE FALSE
I.E. PREMISE TRUE + PREMISE TRUE + POSSIBLY FALSE INFOR = CONCLUSON PROBABLY TRUE
I.E. SUZY IS A DOCTOR. DOCTORS ARE SMART. SUZY IS ASSUMED TO BE SMART - 18INFORMAL REASONING: HEURISTICRULE OF THUMB THAT SUGGESTS A COURSE OF ACTION
I.E. DOCTOR DETERMINING THE BEST TREATMENT FOR A PATIENT. INCOMPLETE INFO RESULTING IN NEEDING TO MAKE A DECISION - 19INFORMAL REASONING: DIALECTICAL REASONINGPROCESS IN WHICH OPPOSING FACTS ARE WEIGHED AND COMPARED IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE BEST SOLUTION
I.E. WHAT JURY'S DO TO MAKE A VERDICT - 20PRE-REFLECTIVE STAGESASSUMPTION THAT CORRECT ANSWERS CAN BE OBTAINED THROUGH THE SENSES OR FROM THE AUTHORITIES
I.E. "I KNOW WHAT I SEEN" R "I SAW IT ON THE NEWS" - 21QUASI-REFLECTIVE STAGESREALIZE JUDGEMENTS SHOULD BE SUPPORTED BY REASON, QUESTION STATEMENTS THAT ARE ABSOLUTE
I.E. "WE ALL HAVE A RIGHT TO OUR OWN OPINION" - 22REFLECTIVE STAGESCONSIDER EVIDENCE FROM A VARIETY OR SOURCES AND REASON DIALECTICALLY
- 23EXAGGERATING THE IMPROBABLECOMMOM BIAS TO EXAGGERATE THE PROBABILITY OF RARE EVENTS
I.E. GETTING IN A PLANE CRASH - 24AFFECT HEURISTICTENDENCY TO CONSULT ONE'S EMOTION INSTEAD OF ESTIMATING PROBABILITIES
I.E. MAD COW DISEASE LABEL CAUSED PEOPLE TO REASON EMOTIONALLY AND TO OVERESTIMATE THE DANGER - 25AVAILABILITY HEURISTICTENDANCY TO JUDGE THE PROBABILITY OF A TYPE OF EVENT BY HOW EASY IT IS TO THINK OF EXAMPLES OR INSTANCES
- 26FRAMING EFFECTTHE TENDENCY FOR PEOPLE'S CHOICE TO BE AFFECTED BY HOW A CHOICE IS PRESENTED OR FRAMED
- 27FAIRNESS BIASA SENSE OF FAIRNESS OFTEN TAKES PRECEDENCE OVER RATIONAL SELF-INTEREST WHEN PEOPLE MAKE ECONOMIC CHOICES
I.E. MONKEY & CUCUMBER STUDY - 28THE HINDSIGHT BIASTHE TENDANCY TO OVERESTIMATE ONE'S ABILITY TO HAVE PREDICTED AN EVENT ONCE THE OUTCOME IS KNOWN; THE "I KNEW IT ALL ALONG" PHENOMEMNON
- 29THE CONFIRMATION BIASTHE TENDACY TO LOOK FOR OR PAY ATTENTION TO ONLY INFORMATION THAT CONFIRMS ONE'S OWN BELIEF
- 30MENTAL SETSTHE TENDENCY TO SOLVE PROBLEMS USING PROCEDURES THAT WORKED BEFORE ON SIMILAR PROBLEMS
- 31COGNITIVE DISSONANCEA STATE OF TENSION THAT OCCURS WHEN A PERSON HOLDS 2 COGNITIONS (BELIEFS) THAT ARE PSYCHOLOGICALLY INCONSISTANT
I.E. A SMOKER KNOWS SMOKING CAUSES ILLNESS SO THEY CHANGE THEIR BEHAVIOUR BY QUITTING OR EMPHASIZE THE BENEFITS OF SMOKING - 32INTELLIGENCE IS MEASURED BY...COGNITIVE OR PSYCHOMETRIC APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING
- 33PSYCHOMETRIC APPROACHMENTAL AGE (BASED ON IQ) / CHRONOLOGICAL AGE (ACTUAL AGE) X 100 = IQ
- 34COGNITIVE APPRAOCH TO INTELLIGENCE- ASSUMES THERE ARE MANY KINDS OF INTELLIGENCE
- 35TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE- EMPHASIZES INFORMATION PROCESSING STRATEGIES, ABILITY TO TRANSFEW SKILLS TO NEWSITUATIONS AND APPLICATION OF INTELLIGENCE
- 36EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCEABILITY TO IDENTIFY YOUR OWN AND OTHER PEOPLE'S EMOTIONS ACCURATELY, EXPRESS EMOTIONS CLEARLY, AND REGULARE EMOTION IN YOURSELF AND OTHER
- 37COGNITIVE ETHOLOGYTHE STUDY OF COGNITIVE PROCESSES IN NONHUMAN ANIMALS
- 38ANTHROPODENIALTHE TENDENCY TO THINK THAT HUMAN BEINGS HAVE NOTHING IN COMMON WITH OTHER ANIMALS
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- Descripción
- Fichas sobre chapter 9:psychology, creado por fabenyw el 05/02/2015.
- Creado por
- fabenyw · feb 2015
- Actualizado
- 19 feb 2016
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