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Migration 2
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- 1What is a diaspora?A dispersed group of people with shared cultural background who have spread internationally from their original homeland
- 2What is post colonial migrants?People who moved from the UK from former colonies of the British Empire during the 1950s, 60s and 70s
- 3What is trickle-down?The positive impacts on the peripheral region of wealth creation in core regions. These may include investment (in the form of back offices and branch plants) regional aid and grants and the diffusion of innovations, tech and infrastructure from the core to the periphery
- 4What are negative externalities?Costs suffered by people and places as a result of changing economic activity. These may be unintended social or environmental impacts, such as unemployment or pollution.
- 5What do most international migrants move for?Work related reasons
- 6Give some factors that drive international flow or people.- poverty in source regions
- low primary commodity prices
- poor access to markets within global systems
All PUSH factors - 7How many international refugees have been unwilling displaced from this home nations?60 million
- 8Why are migrants not generally the poorest citizens of the states they leave behind?This is because money is needed to make an international journey. Migrants moving from Africa to Europe have been known to pay well over £1000 to traffickers. The world's poorest people simply do not have access to this capital
- 9In addition to labour flows, other important reasons for migration include migrating for family. Spouses and children may follow workers overseas. In time, extended family member may move too. What is this process called?Diaspora growth. Post-colonial migrant flows to the UK involved the movements of large numbers of people from former colonies of the British Empire
- 10People also migrate because of conflict. War and prosecution were responsible for the international and internal displacement of millions of people in 2015. Distinguish between internal and international displacement, use an exampleInternationally displaced people are those who move to another country.
Internally displaced people (those who were forced to relocate to a safer area within their home state)
70,000 Rohingya Muslims fled persecution in the Buddhist-majority Rakhine state in Myanmar. Many later became stranded at sea in smugglers boats - 11Illegal migration to Europe first began to grow noticeably in 2006. Where are the migrants travelling from? What form of transport do they use?From North Africa and the Middle East have attempted to cross the Mediterranean in unsafe fishing boats, often piloted by ruthless traffickers.
- 12By 2016, an estimated how many people attempted to cross the Mediterranean?1 million
- 13Why can the Mediterranean migrants be considered a diverse group of people?They include both economic migrants and refugees of varying faiths and ethnicities. Many travel large distances to reach the shores of the Mediterranean. Sending regions include Eritrea, Ethiopia and war-torn Syria.
- 14What are the three main issues arising from the mass movement of people across the Mediterranean? Give details about each issue 1- Deaths at sea: 700 people died when boat capsized in rough seas off Italian coast near Lampedusa in April 2014. By end of same year, around 3700 people died in similar circumstances. A further 160,000 people were rescued at sea: the majority had departed from Libya.
The political reaction: Most Mediterranean migrants arrive in Greece or Italy where, under EU rules, any asylum claims must be processed. Neither the Greek or Italian gov wants large numbers of migrants to settle there permanently, however. Both countries want to see burden of resettlement shared with other EU countries. Consequently, plans were established to distribute genuine refugees across Europe. Germany has taken in many hundreds of thousands.
The ethical debate: the number of accepted asylum seekers in 2015 was less than 0.1% of EU's pop. However, it remains emotive issue that divides views. Suicide bomber in Paris attacks in Dec 2015 was later revealed to be a Syrian refugee who travelled to france via Greece. Since then political debate intensified over whether border passport checks should be reinstated in - 15What are the three main issues arising from the mass movement of people across the Mediterranean? Give details about each issue 2The ethical debate: the number of accepted asylum seekers in 2015 was less than 0.1% of EU's pop. However, it remains emotive issue that divides views. Suicide bomber in Paris attacks in Dec 2015 was later revealed to be a Syrian refugee who travelled to france via Greece. Since then political debate intensified over whether border passport checks should be reinstated in EU as part of emergency situation. Many countries who are part of the Schengen agreement have a temporary reintroduction of border control.
- 16Why are 'shrinking world' technologies an important cause of migration?- increasingly, migrants communicate with one another using smartphone apps.
- 2015, a Facebook group called 'station of the forced wonderers' helped over 100,000 migrants exchange advice on how to avoid authorities and fund routes across European borders using GPS info. - 17Who does the core-periphery model of economic depend on?Process called backwash.
- 18How does the Schengen Agreement encourage international migration?- the logic of the agreement is rooted in an economic theory that views human beings as an economic resource that businesses need to make use of.
- People should therefore be allowed to move to where work is available. - 19Migration is viewed as an efficient way of making sure that the economic output of a territory is optimised. What does most states allow workers to do to aid this process?Migrate freely from peripheral to core regions
- 20What does John Friedmann hypothesise?- Backwash effects are balanced out by spread effects, also known as the trickle down of wealth.
- Friedmann argues that uneven growth is caused by a natural advantage of the core areas (e.g. strategic position on a trading route like Antwerp or a rich wealth of raw materials like the USA)
- over time, the imbalance between the natural advantage of the core and other areas (the periphery) becomes larger
- migrants, resources and investment continue to move from the periphery towards the core (backwash effects).
- migration is an efficient way to maximise the output of the whole system
, (in the world) as people move to the most productive place (the core) where output and profits are maximised.
- Friedmann argued that borders should be open to facilitate this. - 21However, what negative backwash effect may arise?
- 22Free movement brings challenges for national identity and sovereignty. What is meant by these terms?m
- 23When did the UK 'North-South' population drift accelerate?r
- 24What triggered the exodus of many young people towards the UK's econmic core of London and South East?n
- 25What has happened to house prices in London since 1995? Give a reason for your answerb
- 26Give two reasons for the out-migration of people from Londonv
- 27Despite people migrating out of London, why will the UK's ore-periphery imbalance be likely to persist?c
- 28Poland's government has encouraged its population to work overseas and make the most of EU membership. As a result, Poland has lost population every year since when?2002
- 29Why did this trend accelerate in 2004?d
- 30Why is Poland's population forecast to age and shrink?Low birth rate?
- 31What do remittances help to compensate for?x
- 32Why is there no guarantee that remittances will continue?z
- 33How is the number of working people for each child or elderly dependent accepted to change by 2050?s
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- Fichas sobre Migration 2, creado por Paige S el 09/02/2020.
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- Paige S
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