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Was Germany stable from 1924-1929?
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- 1Foreign InvestmentAn increase in outside investment in Germany led to increased monetary stability. (The USA invested heavily).
- 2Delaying ReparationsThe Dawes Plan allowed Germany to pay reparations at a REDUCED rate until 1929.
National income was higher and industry saw spectacular growth which brought currency stability and growth is always good. - 3Agricultural ProblemsA collapse in food prices in 1922 saw brought economic hardship and poverty to the agriculture industry.
- 4Industrial UnrestThere was a conflict between employers and employees. Employers were looking to claw back concessions they had made whilst employers were looking for more liberty. (Demands for higher wages often ended up in a legal dispute)
- 5PolarisationWhen politics on the left and right wing become more extreme.
I.e political divisions increase - 6Industrial Unrest = Polarisation?Increasing conflict between employers and employees was reflected in increasing political polarisation of Germany. (E.g the DVP refusal to work with the SPD had its roots in the conflict between the groups that the parties represented)
- 7UltimatelyEconomic growth and stability in this period were good. However, poor fortunes in agriculture and industrial unrest meant it wasn't all plain sailing
- 8Social Change: The Welfare StateFamily life, religious freedom, the right to private property and the right to employee protection were enshrined in the Constitution
- 9Welfare State: 'Benefits'The First World War left many German citizens in need of a larger Welfare State. Disabled soldiers, orphans and war widows needed financial support.
- 10Welfare State: HealthHealth insurance was made better. An increase in doctors and hospital beds and a fall in deaths from tuberculosis and pneumonia shows that it worked.
- 11Welfare State: HousingBy 1929 the Weimar Government spent 33 times the amount on housing than the German Government did in 1913. Increased expenditure led to an improvement in the quality of life for many Germans as well as 300,000 homes being built or renovated between 1927-1930.
- 12WomenThe proportion of women working outside the home was similar to pre-war levels
- 13Women: Social workHowever, an increasing number of women were getting jobs in the civil service, social work and teaching.
- 14Women: AttitudesThere was a divided attitude towards women in work. Many said that married women should not be in work which led to a lot of support for a law in 1932 that said women who were second earners (i.e married) could be fired for that reason.
- 15UltimatelyThe Welfare State was improved during this era and proceeded to help many people. However, the amount of women who were second earners proved to be a controversial topic.
- 16Weimar Culture:- There was a revolution of culture; new styles of Art, Literature, Music, Film and Theatre were all introduced.
- However, many Germans still preferred the classic, conservative German culture
-This led to a class in culture that showed the polarisation in German politics but most importantly neither of these cultures supported the regime. - 17Foreign PolicyBetter relationships with Allies ensued following the election of more sympathetic governments in Britain and France
- 18Locarno Treaties: Oct 1925- A treaty of mutual guarantee of the Frano-German and Belgium-German borders was signed.
- A series of arbitration agreements were signed between Britain, France, Poland, Czecholslovakia, Belgium and Germany - 19Arbitration AgreementAn arbitration agreement is a written contract in which two or more parties agree to settle a dispute outside of court.
- 20The RhinelandThe Locarno Treaties also saw the French promise to evacuate the Rhineland.
-This promise was not delivered until 1929 following the international recognition of the Young Plan however, it was still a significant achievement.
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- Was Germany a stable country in the Stresemann 'Golden Years' of 1924-1929?
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