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Population structure
Fichas del conjunto (39)
- 1What is population structure ?- The structure of a population in terms of age and gender
- It can be shown on a population pyramid - 2What can population pyramids show ? (4 marks)1. The results of births minus deaths in a specific age group
2. The effects of migration
3. The effects of events such as war, famine and disease
4. An indication of the overall life expectancy of a country. - 3Age structure can also be measured using what indices ? (4 marks)1. The dependency ratio
2. The support ratio
3. The juvenility ratio
4. The old-age index - 4What is the equation for the dependency ratio ?(Population. 0-19) + (population. 60+)
Population. 20-59 - 5What does a higher dependency ratio indicate ?The higher the ratio, the more the non-economically active proportion is dependent on the working population.
- 6Describe the population structure of the high fluctuating stage (Stage 1) of the DTM, with brief reasons, including - Birth rates - Death rates - Life expectancy -Infant mortality rate - Population growth- High birth rates, shown by wide base
- High death rates, shown by concave, triangular pyramid shape
- Low life expectancy, shown by narrow tip
-High IMR, shown by large indent between base of the pyramid (0-4) and next cohort up (5-9)
- Population growth is stable but small due to very high death rates and birth rates, shown by fewer numbers on y axis - 7What are the main reasons for the following in stage 1 ? - Death rate -Birth rate - Infant mortality rate -Life expectancyDeath rate / life expectancy = High DR low LE due to poor health care, sanitation, clean drinking water, diseases (lack of vaccination)
Birth rates = High, need for children to work, high infant mortality rate.
Infant mortality rate= high, due to poor pre and post natal care. - 8Give an example of a region in stage 1 todayAmazon tribes
- 9When was the UK in Stage 1 ? What were birth rates and death rate? Reasons? What was population structure like and why ?-Up to 1760
- Birth rates and death rates = 35./1000/year
- High death rate due to diseases such as Black death killed 1/3 of population. Availability of cheap gin.
- High birth rates due to lack of contraception, high infant mortality rate and need for children to work.
- High proportion of young dependents - 10Describe the population structure of stage 2, early expanding stage of DTM in terms of - Birth rates -Death rates - Life expectancy - Population growthBirth rates = High, wide base of the pyramid
Death rates = Falling, shown by more triangular shape of the pyramid. (still very high)
Life expectancy= higher, shown by small proportion of people living over 65, taller tip of the pyramid
Population growth= explosion, shown by greater numbers on the Y axis - 11What are the main reasons for the following in stage 2? - Death rate -Birth rate -Life expectancy -Population growthDeath rate= Advances in health care facilities, clean water provision, improved sanitation.
Birth rate= still high due to lack of contraception, family planning, need for children.
Life expectancy= Increases due to falling death rates.
Population growth= Explosion due to high birth rate and falling death rate - 12What are the main changes from stage 1 to stage 2 ?Decline in death rate and population growth.
- 13Give an example of a country, with figures, who are in the early expanding stage todayBangladesh $829
1950s, Death rate fallen to 8/1000/year
Birth rate = 30/1000/year - 14When was UK in stage 2? Explain the population structure of the UK in stage 2 (Birth rates, death rates)1760 - 1880
- Introduction of compulsory birth registration meant birth rates still recorded as high despite fall to 30/1000/year after banning of child labour in 1840.
- Death rate fell due from 35/1000/year to 20/1000/year due to factors such as voluntary hospitals, small pox vaccination and 1848 public health Act
Still a youthful population. - 15Describe the population structure of stage 3, the late expanding stage of the DTM, in terms of - Death rate -Birth rate -Infant mortality rate -Life expectancy -Population growthDeath rate= continues to fall, shown by rectangular shape of the pryramid
Birth rate= Starts to fall, shown by narrower base. Base still slightly wider than next cohort up
Infant mortality rate= Low, shown by rectangular, straighter sides which sustain a width up the age cohorts from (0-4)
Life expectancy= Increases, shown by wider tip.
Population growth = Slows down - 16What are the main reasons for the following in stage 3 ? - Death rate -Birth rate -Life expectancy - Population growthDeath rate= continues to fall due to further developments
Birth rate= begins to fall due to more birth control, education, contraception, family planning
Life expectancy= Increasing due to falling death rates, increased real incomes etc - 17What are the main changes from stage 2 to stage 3 ?Lower death rates, lower birth rates, slower population growth and increasing life expectancy
- 18Give an example of a country in stage 3 todayBrazil $11,208
Birth rate = 15/1000/year
Death rate= 6/1000/year - 19When was the UK in stage 3? Explain the population structure1880 - 1930
Birth rate fell from 35/1000/year to 15/1000/year due to spread of birth control and impact of WW2
Death rate fell from 20/1000/year to 12/1000/year
Beginning to experience elderly dependents - 20Describe the population structure of stage 4, the low fluctuating stage of the DTM, in terms of Birth rate: Death rates: Life expectancy: Population growth: Elderly or youthful ?Birth rates = low fluctuating, shown by narrow base
Death rates= low fluctuating, shown by more rectangular shape, people surviving to next age cohort
Life expectancy= High, shown by wider tip
Population growth= slow rate
Elderly population = Shown by wide tip - 21What are the main reasons for the following in stage 4 of the DTM ? Life expectancy Birth rates Death rates Elderly populationLife expectancy: High due to economic growth, improved healthcare infrastructure, improved education, change in lifestyle.
Birth rates: Changes in culture, lifestyles
Death rates: Falling due to similar factors for life expectancy (can be higher than lower stages due to elderly population)
Elderly population: Services built for elderly population, more people surviving - 22What are the main changes from stage 3 to stage 4 ?Lower birth rates, higher life expectancy, lower death rates. Migration may attract more young people.
- 23Give an example of a country in this low fluctuating stage of the DTMUK since 1930
- 24Explain how the UK is in stage 4 of the DTM Baby boom ? 1970s? Ageing population ?UK $37,905
Birth rates= 11/1000/year
Death rates= 10/1000/year
- Baby boom after WW2
- Decline in birth rate during recession of 1970s, economic uncertainty
- Increased market production of contraception e.g. Durex. Due to economic growth.
-Education system very good in the UK, less of a gender divide causing lower fertility rate
-Death rate fluctuates due to ageing population - 25Describe the population structure of the declining stage 5 of the DTM Birth rates Death rates Life expectancy Population growth Elderly populationBirth rates= very low, shown by very narrow base.
Death rates= Higher death rate, shown by convex shape and cohorts increasing upwards.
Life expectancy= very high, tip wider than base.
Population growth= In decline, shown by tip wider than base.
Elderly population= very elderly, shown by wider tip. - 26Reasons ? Population decline Death rate Birthrate Ageing populationPopulation declining = due to natural decrease
Death rate= low but higher than birth rate due to elderly population
Birth rate= lower birth rate due to changes in lifestyles, economic prosperity etc
Ageing population= High life expectancy, low birth rates mean fewer move into next age cohort, resulting in even lower birth rate and continuing ageing population - 27Example of a country in stage 5 of the DTM ?Germany
Birth rate= 8/1000/year
Death rate= 11/1000/year
Population decline due to natural decrease. - 28Summary of the changes in the shape of the population pyramid along the DTM Base- Middle- Tip- Triangular shape-Base gets narrower
Middle gets wider
Tip gets wider
Triangular shape becomes more rectangular than convex in stage 5 - 29Migration affects the population of which two areas ?The area of origin
The area of destination - 30Migration is selective by what two factors ?Age
Gender - 31Migration is selective by what 2 factors ?Educational level
Degree of enterprise - 32Migration affects what two factors ?Birth rates
Death rates - 33Give an example of an area of origin which has experienced out-migrationBarra, an island in the outer Hebrides of Scotland
- 34Barra, an island on the outer Hebrides of Scotland has long experienced depopulation as a result of what ?Poor economic prospects in this remote location
- 35What have been the 3 main impacts on Barra as an area of origin due to out-migration ?1. Younger age groups, 20-34, migrate, leaving the older population behind
2. Males are more likely to migrate, causing indentation on the male side, leaving behind more women
3. Birth rates fall and death rates rise in Barra - 36Statean area of destination that has experienced in-migrationDar-es-salaam, the largest city in Tanzania
- 37Why has Dar-es-salaam, the largest city in Tanzania, been a magnet for young migrants ?It is a thriving international port
- 38Dar-es-salaam is magnet for who, from where and why ?Magnet for those seeking employment in that area of East Africa
- 39What have been the 3 main impacts of this area of destination ?1. Proportions of younger adults, 20-34, have increased
2. Males are more likely to migrate, causing expansion on the male side of the population pyramid
3. short term, birth rates rise and death rates fall.
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- Fichas sobre Population structure , creado por glasgowawr el 25/03/2015.
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- Creado por callum_j.smith · 25 mar 2015
- Copiado por glasgowawr · 25 mar 2015
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