Fichas
The Environment
Fichas del conjunto (17)
- 1What was the main factor regarding the increase of impact business has had on the environment?The industrial revolution:
- New production methods
-Larger scales of operations
- Demographic, social and economical change
- This led to social benefits for society, but has had a massive impact on the environment - 2What are the two main forms of business' impact on the environment?Pollution (of Air/Land/Water)
and
Depletion (of Species + habitats/Fossil Fuels/Minerals) - 3Who stated business does not have an obligation to protect the environment?Bowie (1990) stated business does not have any obligation to protect the environment except the avoidance of lobbying against environmental regulations.
Therefore the moral burden falls upon consumers and the government. - 4Who offered an opposing perspective to Bowie (1990)?Hoffman (1991) suggested the obligations of ethical and responsible business included the responsible use of knowledge, partnerships with NGOs, awareness of the intrinsic value of animal/plant life and finally socially responsible lobbying.
- 5What are the main ideas of the Light Green Environmental theories?- They take an Anthropocentric view
- Value of wildlife/environment is relative
- Less extreme/more measured approach
- Focus on initiatives such as conservation, recycling and sustainability - 6What are the main criticisms of light green theories?- They offer limited protection and conservation
- Culturally biased
- The sustainable approach is failing, as a planet we still excessively use materials and consume great amounts - 7What is Degrowth?Degrowth is the idea of an equitable and democratic transition towards a smaller economy with less production and consumption. (Martinez-Alier et al 2010)
- 8What are the 8 R's?Revalue, Recycle, Reuse, Reduce, Restructure, Reconceptualise, Relocate, Redistribute.
( Serge LaTouche) - 9What are the main ideas of Dark Green environmental theories?- Biocentric approach of ecological holism
- Regarded as "ecological extremism"
- Respect the intrinsic value of all nature, universal in terms of its rights to be protected
- Proposed idea of doing no harm to environment and living in small self reliant communities - 10What are the criticisms of dark green theories?- Approach is too extreme
- Unrealistic to expect such high levels of degrowth
- Attribution of rights, is all intervention bad? - 11What perspective does Ethics of Rights offer with regards to the environment?Ethics of rights suggests all living beings have the right to a liveable environment, therefore when MNCs damage the environment so that it is unliveable (e.g polluted water/air, damaged land, depletion of resources) it could be seen that they are breaking the local inhabitants/wildlife's fundamental right.
- 12What approach would Utilitarianism take?Utilitarianism suggests that pollution and depletion affect local communities and wildlife, and harm great numbers of society in general. It must be considered whether the cheaper prices experienced by consumers (cheap sourcing of materials) or the higher dividend received by shareholders outweighs these affects on the welfare of others. Only a few may benefit but many will be harmed.
- 13How about Ethics of Care?Ethics of care promotes loving and respecting others, and considering how an actors actions will make others feel. When business damages the environment purposefully, they are showing a disregard for nature and humanity and so it is unethical.
- 14What stance would egoism take?From an egoist perspective, if business is harming the environment in order to better themselves, such as avoiding waste disposal charges or paying higher prices for materials, they are acting in their own interests and so the action could be deemed as ethical. However egoism does not consider the impact of actions upon others.
- 15What is an example of accidental water pollution?The BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill
- 16What is an example of business' effect on the depletion of species/habitats?McDonalds uses soya suppliers to feed their poultry which engage in massive acts of deforestation in the Amazon, affecting many ecosystems.
- 17What is an example of business depleting minerals/natural resources for personal gain?Coca Cola in India depleted the groundwater so heavily that many farmers/locals found the area to be unliveable.
Información
- Descripción
- Fichas sobre The Environment, creado por Tom Waterfall el 25/04/2015.
- Creado por
- Tom Waterfall
- Visitas
- 2
- Valoración