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- 1CommunicationsServices that let people keep in touch. Text, photos, videos and voice messages.
Emails, video conferencing, blogs. - 2Real time informationServices that provide up-to-date information.
Train timetables, flight times, weather update. - 3CommerceBusiness. Involves money somehow. Online shopping, banking, auctions.
- 4GovernmentOfficial public services. Car tax, personal tax, student loans.
- 5EntertainmentServices for leisure and fun. Catch-up TV, radios, music streaming platforms.
- 6DownloadLegal download services. iTunes, Spotify, Netflix.
- 7BusinessCompanies using websites to increase efficiency and save money. Skype/other video conferencing apps.
- 8EducationWorkplace training for businesses as well as learning. Online training, online learning.
- 9VLEsVirtual classrooms for students and teachers. Moodle, Google Classroom.
- 10SaaSSoftware as a Service. Lets you use apps online so you only pay for "software on demand". Google Workspace, Dropbox.
- 11Online communitiesA group that only exists online.
- 12Network of friendsFriends that you only connect with online.
- 13Virtual worldThe online world.
- 14BlogAn online journal that are updated often.
- 15MicroblogAn app/website where short messages are exchanged.
- 16WikisSites where authorised users can log on to add/edit content.
- 17PodcastAudio files that are published in installments.
- 18Instant messagingForm of chat where people are online and can message in "real time".
- 19ChatroomsA place on the web where many users online can communicate "live".
- 20NetiquetteRules for behaving online.
- 21ProfileA profile that anyone can create including your name, age and interests.
- 22AvatarA cartoon picture of you.
- 23VoIPA method of real-time communication over the internet. Computers are connected via the unique IP addresses. Skype, Zoom, FaceTime.
- 24Advantages of VoIPAble to connect from anywhere around the world, uses internet only so no additional costs, reduces travel costs, better for collaboration as you can show documents easily.
- 25Disadvantages of VoIPRelies on internet connection so it can buffer, is a risk of security threats, voice quality can be affected.
- 26Equipment requiredWebcam, mic, speakers, headset.
- 27Ubiquitous computingUbiquitous means existing everywhere. Ubiquitous computing is where processors are embedded into everyday objects such as domestic appliances, motor vehicles, clothing or buildings.
- 28RFID chipsRadio Frequency Identification chips can be embedded into everyday objects. They could be used to track a delivery, admit only the correct cat through a cat flap or order groceries missing from a fridge.
- 29Cloud computingNothing is actually saved in a cloud, the term is used to describe the process of storing data on external servers instead of a computers hard drive or local servers. Cloud users access data or software through a web browser or a mobile web app. They do not directly access the server. Examples are Google Drive, Classroom.
- 30Benefits of cloud computingOnly pay for storage used and not maintenance. Data can be accessed anywhere there is an internet connection.
- 31Drawbacks of cloud computingDon't know the reliability of host, no control over security, may not be using up-to-date softwares, speed of access may be slower than installed softwares.
- 32Pay-per-ClickA form of online advertising. Smaller companies will place an advert on a bigger company's website. They will then receive a percentage of profits.
- 33Types of online advertisingLinks, targeting, cookies, multimedia (videos/audio that grabs attention).
- 34Why companies advertise onlineMultimedia: Video & audio grabs attention.
Targeting & Cookies: Use cookies to display relevant ads based on searches.
Links: Take users direct to advertisers’ sites.
Email: Sends marketing messages direct to customer inboxes. - 35How it could be annoyingPersonal privacy: Not everyone is happy with use of cookies & search history.
Adware: Type of ‘malware’ that generates unwanted ads, often as popups.
Auto-play video: Some ads play video as soon as the page loads.
Distraction: Ads can take your attention from what you’re trying to do online. - 36Advantages of online softwareAccessed over the internet so no hard drive, can access from any device, has a back up online that is stored on web severs - restore files easily, automatic updates, can pay monthly.
- 37Disadvantages of online softwareIf online software service is unavailable, cannot access files, risk of hackers.
- 38Advantages of standalone softwareOn hard drive so no relying on the internet.
- 39Disadvantages of standalone softwareCannot access anywhere - only if they have that hard drive (only one computer),
- 40Back upThere is another copy of the work in case something happens to the original document.
- 41RestoreBeing able to bring back the backed up files if a problem arises.
- 42Advantages of collaborative work- Staff can collaborate online, even if they’re in different places or countries.
- So they don’t need to travel, which saves money & helps the environment.
- You only need one version of a document, which everyone can edit. - 43Importance of version controlWhen lots of people can edit a document, it’s vital to show which is the latest version.
- 44How it can be usedFilenames can use numbers or dates.
Otherwise, people might edit an old version of a document. - 45Levels of accessRestrictions are set at logon.
Staff can access areas depending on their role.
For example, in school students & teachers see different parts of network. - 46File permissionFile permissions are settings that control what users can do to a file.
Read: View only.
Read/Write: View & edit.
Full control: View, edit & delete. - 47File compressionMaking files smaller so that they take up less space in computer memory.
- 48Role of the indexA set of instruction to extract compressed file to their original state.
- 49AlgorithmA mathematical step-by-step sequence used to work out calculations or carry out instructions.
- 50Benefits of file compressionSaving memory space on computers.
Files will upload and download quicker.
Files will better fit restrictions, such as attachment limits on emails. - 51Internet Service Providers
- 52Internet Hardware
- 53ServerRuns special software to serve other computers. File, print, web, email servers.
- 54ClientA computer or device that uses services provided by servers. The computer used to access the internet is the client.
- 55RouterDevices that direct data traffic through a network.
- 56BackboneA "big" cable that connects a large number of devices to the "core" of the internet.
- 57Network Diagram
- 58ISPInternet Service Providers. BT, Sky, Virgin Media
- 59Point of PresenceAccess point to the internet.
- 60Network Access PointWhere different networks interconnect.
- 61Advantages of dial up connectionsCan use existing telephone wires.
Gives connection where broadband isn't available. - 62Disadvantages of dial up connectionsOlder technology can give poor reception.
Usually slower than other methods.
Conversion between digital and analogue can cause errors. - 63Advantages of broadbandsBetter reception and speed than dial up.
- 64Disadvantages of broadbandsWired so has to be used on a stationary computer.
Broadband is not available in rural areas. - 65Advantages of wirelessNot fixed to a stationary computer.
Can be used whenever wireless internet is available. - 66Disadvantages of wirelessNeeds to have a wireless internet available.
Can be less secure than wired.
Tends to be slower than wired. - 67HTTPHypertext Transfer Protocol. It's the set of rules that handles what we do on the web. Handles requests to load a page from a web server. Also handles the response to download the web page and all its files to your computer.
- 68HTTPSHypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. The data is scrambled before sending across the internet. Hackers cannot understand it so it adds privacy.
- 69FTPFile Transfer Protocol. An old protocol that was invented before the web. Still used to upload and download files.
- 70TCPTransmission Control Protocol. Breaks data into packets. Assembles the packets again when they arrive.
- 71IPInternet Protocol. Handles the routing of packets. Addressing, sending and receiving packets over the net.
- 72World Wide Web
- 73HyperlinksConnects web pages together. When a hyperlink is clicked, the user is taken to another page on the site or a different website.
- 74Web serversThis is where web pages are stored. When you access a page through a browser, the page is temporarily downloaded onto the computer. The web servers' job to deliver the web page requested.
- 75BrowsersWhere web pages are accessed. Applications which allows a user to enter a URL and view a webpage.
- 76URL
- 77URLUniform Resource Locator. An address for a web page.
- 78ProtocolTells the browser what to do with the URL.
- 79DomainThe name of the website.
- 80PathPoints to a specific website.
- 81Search engines
- 82Client sideYou type keywords in the box & then click the button to search.
- 83Search engineSpecial websites that allows users to find data on the internet.
- 84Server sideThe search engine uses its own database to find matches with your keywords.
- 85Spider/web crawlerVisits billions of sites and save copies of all the pages which is sent back to a special database.
- 86IndexA special database that stores web pages.
- 87DatabaseStores information.
- 88Sponsored link resultsCompanies pay search engines to promote their websites.
- 89AdvertsPaid promotion for a company.
- 90PopularityWebsites that are popular so it can get pushed up to the top of the search results.
- 91Store and ForwardWhen someone sends an email, it is stored on an email server. It waits in store until the recipient is signed in where the server will forward the email to them.
- 92Address book/contact groupWithin an email program, you can create a list of contacts under a label. When you want to send an email to the contacts, type the label and all contacts will sent the same email.
- 93Carbon Copy - CCPeople who are included in the CC can see everyone else in the CC section. Sends a copy to multiple people.
- 94Blind Carbon Copy - BCCPeople in the BCC section cannot see who the other recipients are.
- 95Benefits of using emailInstant delivery, no additional costs, can deliver to multiple people, can add attachments, can be accessed from anywhere with internet.
- 96Drawbacks of using emailPeople can hack into emails and read the information, some people may not have access to the internet, sometimes an instant response may be needed and not a lot of people check their emails regularly, one mistake in the email address and it won't send.
- 97Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - SMTPSend emails from client device to email server and then server to client device.
- 98Post Office Protocol 3 - POP 3When requested, pulls mail from server to client. You download emails from the server and is therefore deleted from the server.
- 99Internet Message Access Protocol - IMAPInstead of being downloaded, the email is being displayed and can only be deleted manually.
- 100WebmailCan access emails on many devices and are backed up. All messages stay on the server.
- 101Email clientCan access emails without being online and client softwares have more features. Emails are downloaded to client machines.
- 102Data Exchange - Data Package
- 103Packet switchingPacket switching is the process of data being broken into ‘packets’ before being sent through a network and then reassembled at the other end.
- 104Advantages of packet switchesPackets choose different routes so traffic flow is efficient, packets give security benefits as hackers would only be able to get one part of the file.
- 105Disadvantages of packet switchingIf one or more packets are lost, the whole file will not be received correctly.
- 106CodecsThe software required to run a VoIP system consists mainly of an encoding and decoding program, which is often called a coder/decoder program (codec).
- 107SimplexOne-way transmission only. Remote control to TV.
- 108Full duplexTwo-way transmission. Telephone.
- 109Half duplexTwo-way transmission but one way at a time. Walkie-talkies.
- 110Serial transmissionBits of data are transferred one at a time over a wire.
- 111BenefitsGood over large distances.
- 112LimitationsComplex because data has to be broken into individual bits.
- 113Parallel transmissionBits of data are transferred simultaneously over a wire- a whole byte can be transferred at the same time.
- 114BenefitsFaster because more bits are transferred per second.
- 115LimitationsShorter distance, maximum about 5 meters.
- 116Unshielded and Shielded Twisted PairContains pairs of copper wires twisted together.
- 117UseUsed for LANs - Local Area Network.
- 118BenefitsCheaper than other methods, reliable, under plastic coating, the STP cable has protective layer around the copper wires to protect data signals from interference.
- 119DrawbacksSlow, low capacity, used over short distances and susceptible to interference which means data can be interfered with if near another digital device.
- 120Coaxial cableA solid copper wire with thick shielding.
- 121UseUsed to connect TV with aerial.
- 122BenefitsReliable.
- 123DrawbacksSlow, low capacity, used over short distances, thick and physically inflexible and susceptible to noise.
- 124Fibre opticStrands of glass carry data as light.
- 125UseUsed for backbone of network.
- 126BenefitsFast, used over long distances and little interference.
- 127DrawbacksUsed for backbone of network.
- 128InfraredUses infrared light to transfer data. High frequency.
- 129UseTV remotes.
- 130BenefitsReliable.
- 131DrawbacksShort range, devices must be in line of sight and can suffer from interference.
- 132MicrowaveShort wavelengths to transmit data.
- 133UseBluetooth.
- 134BenefitsGood for medium distance.
- 135DrawbacksCan suffer from interference.
- 136SatelliteAn artificial body orbiting the Earth. Relays data between points on Earth.
- 137UseGPS
- 138BenefitsGood for long distances.
- 139DrawbacksVery expensive.
- 140Network Interface CardThe hardware for receiving wireless signals. Built into modern devices (tablets, phones). NIC connects to NAP.
- 141Network Access PointLots of places offer NAPs (cafes and libraries)
- 142Client sideViewing web pages on you client device. Interactivity is achieved using client scripts written in a language called JavaScript.
- 143Server sideProcessing data at the "back end" on the web server. It's done using special server scripts written in server-side language such as PHP.
- 144Examples of use of client sideHover image, slider.
- 145Examples of use of server sideSubmitting a web form, submitting a web search.
- 146Advantages of client sideSpeed - processing is faster on the client because data does not have to travel back to the server across the internet.
Security - data cannot be intercepted on the client in the same way it can be when data is transmitted across the internet. - 147Disadvantages of client sideBrowser-specific - different browsers process client scripts in different ways, therefore a web developer cannot be sure how their website will be displayed on the client side.
Computer speed - the web developer is relying on the speed of the client computer to deliver the interactive features. - 148Advantages of server sideServers are powerful computers so it can process data faster, there are no browsers involved, efficiency.
- 149Disadvantages of server sideSecurity risk and overloading server.
- 150Database
- 151DatabaseA structured collection of data.
- 152TableStores a set of data.
- 153FieldColumns in a table.
- 154RecordOne row that stores data about a single item.
- 155Primary keyA special field with a unique identifier.
- 156Foreign keyFields which are primary keys in other tables.
- 157RelationshipTwo databases that are created using joint statements.
- 158TextAny kind of characters including letters and numbers.
- 159NumericNumbers.
- 160Date/timeDates and times.
- 161BooleanOne of two values (yes or no, true or false).
- 162Local DatabaseA database held inside a network to keep it secure.
- 163Online DatabaseA database that can be accessed from anywhere in the world.
- 164Feature of local databases
- 165Feature of online databases
- 166Database Management System - DBMSSoftware that allows you to create and use your own database. It creates tables and fields and allows you to search and sort data. Handles security to prevent unauthorised access.
- 167Structured Query Language - SQLLanguage used by DBMS to actually create and search a database. It has a Data Definition Language to set up tables and a Data Manipulation Language for updates and search enquiries.
- 168Presence checkChecks to see if data has been entered and not left blank.
- 169Range checkCheck values are in sensible range.
- 170Format checkChecks that data is in required format.
- 171Check digitChecks digits in a code to check the data is right.
- 172Hypertext Markup Language - HTMLLanguage for making webpages. It uses special "tags" to tell the browser how to display the content of a webpage.
- 173—Make text bold.
- 174—Make text italic.
- 175—Make a paragraph of text.
- 176—Insert a text.
- 177—Specifies link's destination.
- 178—Ordered list of items. Numbers.
- 179—Unordered list of items. Bullet list.
- 180—Hidden keywords within a webpage that defines how your browser must format and display the content.
- 181—Contains all the contents of a HTML document. (headings, paragraphs, images etc)
- 182—Make a heading on a webpage.
- 183OpportunistSomeone who takes advantage of a situation. If a computer was left logged on, they would take the data.
- 184VirusMalicious programs that are designed to replicate and spread across a computer or network to damage or corrupt data and files.
- 185MalwareName for several other malicious softwares that aim to cause damage to files or steal data.
- 186PhishingFake email or links that tricks people into clicking and entering personal data.
- 187Accidental damageFloods, fire or natural disasters which can damage data.
- 188HackersPeople who purposefully try to gain unauthorised access to computers or networks.
- 189Data Protection Acts
- 190Data Protection ActForces organisations to protect the data they store about people. 8 principles. Can be fined if not followed.
- 191Computer Misuse ActTargets hackers and virus-makers. Focused on unauthorised access. Starts with access, then intention to do more harm and then altering data.
- 192Copyright, Designs and Patents ActAimed at preventing piracy. Protects rights of makers of softwares, photos, music, films etc. So use without permission is illegal.
- 193Freedom of Information ActGives people the right to see data stored about them by public sector organisations like governments or councils. Anyone can make a FOI request.
Información
- Descripción
- Year 11 IT Fichas sobre Flashcards, creado por Mahira Ahmed el 16/11/2020.
- Creado por
- Mahira Ahmed
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