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Horticulture Definitions
Fichas del conjunto (57)
- 1Soil textureMeasurement used to classify soils according to particle size
The relative proportions of sand, silt & clay particles in the soil - 2Soil structureSoil structure refers to the way in which soil particles aggregate or clump together. Soil structure also describes the space between soil particles and aggregations.
- 3Saturation pointPoint at which all soil pores are filled with water
- 4Field capacityThe amount of water the soil can hold against the force of gravity
- 5Available water content (or capacity)Amount water at field capacity - water at permanent wilting point
- 6Permanent wilting pointWater lost by evaporation so all water lost except water around finest clay particles, therefore no water available to plant
- 7Soil moisture deficitAmount of water needed to return soil to field capacity
- 8CalcicolePlant prefer calcium rich (alkaline) soils
- 9CalcifugePlants adapted to acidic soil
- 10HydroponicsHydroponics is the cultivation of plants in nutrient solution without soil
- 11GenusA group of individuals with a family that have characteristics in common
- 12SpeciesA group of individuals within a genus that have characteristics in common
- 13CultivarShort for cultivated variety. A group within a species that has some horticultural or agricultural significance. Typically the result of human selection and artificial propagation.
- 14EphemeralA plant that has several life cycles in a growing season and can increase in numbers rapidly
- 15AnnualA plant that completes its lifecycle within a growing season
- 16BiennialA plant with a life cycle that spans two growing seasons
- 17PerennialA plant living through several growing seasons
- 18Herbaceous perennialNon-woody and loses its stems and foliage at the end of the growing season. No secondary thickening.
- 19Woody perennialA perennial that maintains a live woody framework of stems at the end of the growing season. Undergo secondary thickening.
- 20ShrubA multistemmed wood perennial plant having side branches that emerge from near ground level. Typically up to 5 m tall.
- 21TreeA large woody perennial unbranched for some distance from the ground. Typically > 5 m tall.
- 22DeciduousA plant that sheds all its leaves all at once, often at the end of the growing season.
- 23EvergreenA plant retaining leaves in all seasons.
- 24Semi-evergreenA plant that retains some of its leaves throughout the year but may shed most leaves under severe weather conditions such as extreme cold or drought.
- 25Hardy (H4 to H7)A plant able to survive temperatures below -5C. May suffer some foliage damage or require protection if in pots.
- 26Half-Hardy (H3)A plant able to survive freezing temperatures between 1C and -5C. Tolerant of a few degrees of frost. Will survive a mild winter but generally requires an unheated glasshouse over winter.
- 27Tender (H2)A plant able to survive low temperatures between 1C and 5C. Tolerant of low temperatures but will not survive frost. Requires a cool or frost free glasshouse over winter. Can be grown outside after danger of frost is over.
- 28Heated Glasshouse (H1)A plant requiring temperatures above 5C to survive. Some can be grown outside in summer when temperatures are high enough or in a sheltered position. Some must be grown under glass all year. Can be divided further.
- 29TissueCollection of cells carrying out a specific function.
- 30MonoeciousSeparate male/female flowers on same plant
- 31DioeciousMale and female flowers on different plants
- 32PollinationSuccessful transfer of pollen (male gametes) from their site of production (anther) to the receptive female tissue (stigma) at the tip of the style.
- 33FertilisationFertilisation is the fusion of a male gamete (from pollen) with the female gamete (in the ovule) to produce an embryo. Occurs after successful pollination.
- 34SeedThe structure that develops from the ovule after fertilisation
- 35FruitFound in angiosperms and is formed from the ovary wall usually after fertilisation and encloses the seed.
- 36PARPhotosynthetically Active Radiation
- 37Law of Limiting FactorsStates that the factor in least supply will limit the rate of process e.g. photosynthesis
- 38RespirationRespiration is the process by which sugars & starches from photosynthesis are broken down to yield energy. Occurs in mitochondria.
- 39Aerobic respirationsugars + oxygen =
carbon dioxide + water + energy - 40Anaerobic respirationSugars = alcohol (ethanol) + carbon dioxide + energy
- 41Photosynthesis equationCarbon dioxide + water =
with chlorophyll and sunlight =
Sugars + oxygen - 42PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis is the process in the chloroplasts by which green plants trap light energy from the sun, convert it into chemical energy and use it to produce food in the form of sugars and starches.
- 43DiffusionMovement of a solute (gas or liquid) from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Examples - transpiration (movement of water); CO2/O2 in and out of leaves (gaseous exchange) - 44OsmosisMovement of water from high water/low solute to low water/high solute across a selectively permeable membrane
Examples - water uptake into cells (turgor); uptake of water in roots; - 45TranspirationTranspiration is the evaporation of water from leaves and other plant surfaces. Leaves need to continually replace water lost to remain turgid. Creates pressure gradient so water "sucked" up from root to stem to leaves.
- 46Active transportNutrients taken up across an inverse concentration gradient i.e. from low (soil) to plant cells (high). Requires energy and is also selective.
- 47GlabrousNo hairs
- 48PubescentHairy
- 49Glaucousgrey/silver wax
- 50SpinoseSpiny
- 51DecussateAlternating opposite pairs of leaves at 90 degrees to each other
- 52FlowerOrgan of sexual reproduction in angiosperms.
- 53InflorescenceFlower Head
- 54Hypogeal GerminationOccurs when cotyledons remain below ground inside testa. In hypogeal germination the epicotyl elongates.
- 55Epigeal GerminationOccurs when coyledons emerge above ground initially enclosed by the testa. In epigeal germination the hypocotyl elongates.
- 56ApoplasticMovement of water between cell walls or intercellularly. Movement by diffusion.
- 57SymplasticMovement of water through cells (intracellullarly) by osmosis and via plasmodesmata
Información
- Descripción
- Diploma Modules 1 and 2 Fichas sobre Horticulture Definitions, creado por zoe.cairns el 16/06/2015.
- Creado por
- zoe.cairns
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