Fichas
4.7
Fichas del conjunto (34)
- 1What is the job of the main memoryStores instructions and data for the processor
- 2What do the busses do?Carries signals between the main memory, processor and controller
- 3What do the I/O controllers do?Interface with input and output devices
- 4Main Memory is addressableThe memory is split into sections, each given an address. The data at each location can be read by the processor
- 5What are the busses?A set of wires and connections that allow communication between the Main memory, processor, and controllers
- 6Which ones are unidirectional?Address bus is unidirectional (addresses are only sent FROM the processor)
- 7The stored program conceptMachine code instructions stored in main memory are fetched and executed
serially by a processor that performs arithmetic and logical operations - 8Tell me about Von Neumann-Used in most general purpose machines
-Data and instructions are stored in the same place meaning it takes 2 clock cycles to execute an instruction
-Simpler control unit is faster and cheaper TO DESIGN - 9Tell me about Harvard-Used in embedded systems such as digit signal processors
-Data and instructions stored in seperate memory meaning it only takes 1 clock cycle to execute an instruction AS they can be fetched simultaneously
-More complex control unit meaning more expensive to make - 10What does the control unit do?Fetches the next instruction and decodes it
- 11What does the clock do?Sends a regular signal to the Control unit which dictates the speed at which it decodes instructions
- 12General purpose registersare storage areas for data during
execution of instructions - 13PCstores the memory address of the next
instruction to be fetched. The PC is incremented after each cycle - 14MARcontains the address of
memory to be read or written - 15MBRcontains the data that has been
read from/to be written to memory - 16CIRcontains the instruction
currently being executed - 17Status registercontains information about the processor such as
whether there has been an overflow - 18Fetch execute cycleFetch Phase: -The value in the PC is copied to the MAR
-The instruction at the address in the MAR is saved to the MBR
-The instruction in the MBR is copied to the CIR and the PC is incremented
-Decode Phase: The instruction in the CIR is split into Opcode and Operand
-Execute Phase: Depending on the instruction any of the following take place: -The operand is sent to the ALU for processing
-The PC is updated with the new instruction address
-The Status Register is updated - 19What is an opcode?An opcode is an instruction from the processors instruction set
- 20What is an operand?Values or addresses that the opcode applies to
- 21What is immediate addressing?Uses the operands value as the data
- 22What is direct addressingUses the operands value as the address
- 23What is an interrupt (Skull bash)A skull bash can be used to interrupt the spell casting and prevent that school of spell being cast for 5 seconds. Also pauses the current program to allow a high priority routine to run
- 24ISRAn Interrupt Service Routines (ISR) is
executed when a hardware interrupt
is sent to the CPU, Memory and registers are backed up
during an interrupt and restored
when complete - 25Word LengthWord length is the number of bits that can be operated on at once. A longer word length means more data can be processed per clock cycle
- 26Address bus widthBus width is the number of connections on a bus. A wider address bus width means more memory can be addressed, allowing more data to be stored at one time
- 27Data bus widthA wider data bus width means more data can be transferred from memory to the
processor in one clock cycle, reducing the time taken to process large amounts of data - 28Magnetic Hard DiskSpinning disks that have magnetic particles on them who's polarisation can be changed to represent 1s and 0s.
-Cheap and Large BUT slow, noisy, power-hungry, fragile.
-1-3TB - 29SSD-Chips that contain NAND flash memory and a controller that manages writing
-Based on floating gate transistors that trap and store charge
-Data cannot be over-written easily an entire block must be erased and re-written for each change, reducing the
lifespan of the flash memory
-The controller minimizes this by spreading the load out amongst all available flash memory
-Faster, more reliable and more power efficient than magnetic disks, but currently more expensive
-Typically 240GB-1TB in size - 30Optical DiskA spinning disk with small sections punched to disrupt the reflections. A laser is shone at this and if it is reflected, determines a 1 or 0. Cheap, easily damaged, slow, 1-50GB
- 31Barcode readerA laser scans across a series of black and white stripes. Amount of light reflected determines colour of stripe and length of light is assigned a number
- 32Digital CameraLight is focussed through a
lens onto a CMOS sensor,
which has an array of pixels
with red, green and blue
filters
Each pixel produces a
voltage proportional to the
amount of light hitting it
The RGB values of each pixel
is used to form a colour - 33Laser PrinterStatic electricity is
generated on a drum and
paper is wrapped round it
A laser (or LED) is used to
dissipate the static in a
particular pattern
Toner powder is run over
the drum, and sticks to
the parts with static
The toner is then heated
and fused to the paper - 34RFIDA small microcontroller
with large antenna is
embedded in a tag
Radio frequency
induces enough current
in the antenna to
power the chip
The chip reads the data
in the radio frequency
and transmits a
response
Información
- Descripción
- Fichas sobre 4.7, creado por Alex Smith el 24/05/2021.
- Creado por
- Alex Smith
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