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Solution Chemistry
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- 1water is a universal solvent known as what?a pure substance
- 2a sample of homogeneous matter but with a composition that can vary within relatively wide limits is know as?a solution
- 3ethanol = ethyl alcohol - how do you write it as a compound? Ethanol is a pure substanceC2H5OH
- 4what does a saturated solution mean?it is unable to continue dissolving the addition to the pure substance (the solubility has a limit)
- 5if you heat up a saturated solution so that a higher concentration of the thing added (e.g. sucrose) is achieved and then cool the solution down again, this is known as?supersaturated
- 6the initial step in solution formation (i.e. breakage of intermolecular forces amongst the solutes and solvent separately) is endo or exothermic?endothermic
- 7the second set (i.e. reformation of intermolecular interactions between solute/ solvent) is endo or exothermic?exothermic
- 8if the overall reaction is exothermic what does this mean?the solution is formed
the intermolecular bonds between the solvent and solute are more stable - 9an increase of enthalpy in the solution, +ve heat of solution results in...more energy in the system, less stable and weaker bonds
- 10a decrease of enthalpy in the solution, -ve heat of solution results in...less energy in the system
more stable, stronger bonds - 11Due to the insidious tendency for engr. to disperse, the formation of a solution always results in an increase in what?entropy/ disorder
- 12vapor pressure ismolecules what to vaporise until the pressure at which you have an equilibrium of things vaporising as things turning to liquid state. high vapour pressure = wants to evaporate badly i.e. high volatility
- 13equation for vapour pressure isP = P*X
p= vapor pressure of a solution
p* = vapour pressure of pure solvent (at same temp as p)
x= mole fraction of the solvent in a solution - 14generally ionic and polar solutes are soluble in...polar solvents
- 15nonpolar solutes are soluble in...nonpolar solvents
- 16why does solvation/ dissolution occur?the intermolecular forces between solute and solvent are STRONGER than those between the solute particles
- 17a solute makes the freezing point of a solvent lower or higher?lower
- 18a solute makes the boiling point of a solvent lower or higher?higher
- 19change in temp of the boiling/ freezing point =Km
K= constant
m = molarity (mole fraction of solute OR moles / kg) - 201 mole of NaCl will disassociate when dissolved in water into Na+ and Cl-, so you have to do what to the moles?double it
- 21a semipermeable membrane allows the solvent or the solute to pass through?solvent only
- 22the increased pressure difference on the solution side (as the solvent moves over to be with the solute) is known as?the osmotic pressure
- 23the pressure required to prevent migration of the solvent is the osmotic pressure of the solution and is equal to...n = i MRT
M = concentration of solute (mole/litre)
R = gas constant / mole
T = temp (k)
i = vant hoff factor (i.e. that NaCl will split up for example) - 24the equation for dilution isMiVi = MfVf
M = molarity
V = volume
i is initial and f is final - 25any solute that dissolves in water to give a solution that contains ions, and thus can conduct electricity is what?an electrolyte
- 26the solid that disassociates into separate ions surrounded by water is hydrated, thus the ions are.. (disassociates means the splitting of a molecule into smaller molecules, atoms, or ions, especially by a reversible process.)aqueous
- 27if dissociation is extensive + irreversible, we have a strong or weak electrolyte?strong
ie NaCl(s) = Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) - 28if dissociation is incomplete + reversible, we have a strong or weak electrolyte?weak
CH3COOH (aq) = CH3COO- (aq) + H+ (aq) - 29if dissociation does not occur what do we have?a nonelectrolyte
(glucose does not dissociate) - 30strong electrolytes are...salts, strong acids, strong bases
- 31weak electrolytes are...weak acids, weak bases, complexes, tap water, highly charged species, certain soluble organic compounds
- 32nonelectrolytes are...demonised water, soluble organic compounds (sugars)
- 33the solubility of gases decreases as temp...increases
- 34the solubility product is given by which equation?Ksp = [Ag+][Cl-]
The molar solubilities are multiplied and then put to the power of the negative/ positive charge (in this case it is 2, as one plus one is 2) - 35—
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- Fichas sobre Solution Chemistry, creado por mitzigolsorkhi el 13/08/2015.
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