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Lecture 3: The Back

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1spinal cord describes part of the _________ __________ __________central nervous system
2spine can be used to describe __________- vertebrae
preferred = vertebral column
- refer to collection of vertebrae and intervertebral discs
3approxiamtly how many vertebre is in an adult?33
4what types of vertebrae are there? how many vertebrae is there of each type?----IN ORDER----
- 7 cervical
- 12 thoracic
- 5 lumbar
- 5 sacral fused to become one bone: sacrum
- 4 coccygeal fused to become one bone: coccyx (tailbone)
5where is thoracic vertebrae?where ribs connect
6which types of vertebrae allow movement and which do not?allow: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar
NOT allowed: sacral and coccygeal (they fuse into one bone)
7the vertebral column is considered strong and fairly flexible because of the permitted sum of movements. what are these movements?- forward flexion
- lateral flexion
- extension
- rotation
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11what is a zygapophysial joint?- facet joint
- plane synovial joint
- in articulated pair of vertebrae, inferior articular process of one vertebrae connects with superior articular process of another vertebrae
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14answer the following about the cervical region of vertebrae 1) body size and shape? 2) transverse processes? 3) spinous process? 4) articular facets?body size and shape: small and rectangular
transverse processes: contain foramina for passage of vertebral arteries
spinous process: bifid
articular facets: facing superiorly and inferiorly, allowing for movement in all directions
15answer the following about the thoracic region of vertebrae 1) body size and shape? 2) transverse processes? 3) spinous process? 4) articular facets?body size and shape: medium and heart shaped; have costal facets for ribs
transverse processes: have articular facets for ribs
spinous process: long and slender
articular facets: facing anteriorly and posteriorly, allowing for rotation and lateral flexion
16answer the following about the lumbar region of vertebrae 1) body size and shape? 2) transverse processes? 3) spinous process? 4) articular facets?body size and shape: large and kidney-shaped
transverse processes: long and slender
spinous process: short and hatchet-shaped
articular facets: facing medially and laterally, allowing for flexion and extension
17what are joints between vertebral bodies called? what is their function?- intervertebral discs
- secondary cartilaginous joints/symphyses
- permit movement and are shock absorbers
18what are joints of the vertebral arches called?- zygapophysial/zygapophyseal
- facet joints
19which is an atlanto-occipital joint and what movement(s) does it allow?- between occipital bone of skull and C1 (first bone in vertebral column)
- condyloid, synovial
-permits flexion and extension of head, as in nodding "yes"
20which bones are involved in an atlanto-axial joint?- between C1 and dens of C2
- pivot, synovial
- permits rotation of head, as in shaking head "no"
*C1=first bone in vertebral column
*C2=second bone in vertebral column
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