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Chapter 3 Articular system
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- 1Fibrous Joint- Thin layer of of peritoneum between two bones Synarthorsis (skull)Advantage because it allows for adaption and flexibility.
Purpose is shape and strength - 2Syndesmosis- AnkleKnown as the ligamentous. great deal of ligaments and other tissues holding joint together. Small amount of twisting and stretching
- 3Gomphisis Eg Maxila and MandibleFibrous mobile peg and socket joint
- 4Cartilaginious joint eg Intervetebral discs Also found in Knee, hands and feetAlso known as amphiarthridial as it alows for some movement EG bending and twisting
- 5Synovial Joints: Known as DiarthirdialNo direct union between bones, instead there is a gap filled with synovial fluid
- 6Synovial Joint continued: Not as stable as the other joints but does provide more motion (free motion)
- 7Nonaxial: It is more of a linear movement instead of an angular. Angular is more rotational around axis, and linear is form one place to another Cannot Move carpals by themselves Known as plane joint Gliding movement
- 8Uniaxial Joint: Angular movement, Flexion and extension= Hinge joint (Flexiona and extension) (Humeral Ulnar Joint) Rotation= Pivot joint
- 9Biaxial Joint: Thumb, radial ulnar joint Condyloid joint== Flexion, extension Ab and Aduction occur radial humeral Flexion and extension in frontal axis Radial ulnar deviation in saggital axis Thumb joint= Saddle joint- Flexion extension, AB and ADuction occur, Some Rotation There is also eppisoid shape
- 10Triaxial: Eg Hip, shoulder Movement: Flexion, extension, ad and adduction with rotation Known as Ball and socket
- 11Joint structure: Normally two Bones that Articulate with each other Ligaments: Connect Bone to Bone (fiborus connecitve tissue) Allows for attachment of Cartilage, fasia and sometimes muscle Allows for flexibility but is not elastic Capsule- Surrounds and protects articulation. Made of two layers outer (fiborous tissue that supports joint) Inner layer ( lined with membrane that is vascular, contains synovial fluid)Cartilage: Dense Fibrous connective tissue that can with strand a lot of force and pressure
Hylaine Cartilage: Known as articular cartilage, lacks vascular supply and nervous. Provides smooth articulation. must get nutrients from synovial fluid
Fibrocartilage- acts as a shock absorber NB in joints like menisi and between vertevrae
Elastic- helps to maintain structures shape, found in ear - 12Labrum- Type of caetilage that attaches onto rim of socket Ultimatly deeping it. IE the Labrum will deepen the glennoid fossa making more of a pocket for head of humerus Tendon- Connects muscle to bone, can be covered by a tendinous sheeth when pressure or friction occursAponeuosis- Tendinous sheet where muscle attaches to bone Eg Linea Alba
Bursa- Small Padlike Sacs that are in players where there is alot of friction. Bursa reduce friction. It is filled with a clear fluid, Found near tendons, bony places like elbow, hips and knee etc - 13Joint continued
- 14Planes and Axis Transverse- rotational Saggital plane- passes through the body front to back and divides body into left and right Frontal plane: passes through body side to side, divides body into front and back Transverse: passes through body in half anf divides body in half
- 15Flexion and extension will normally occur in saggital plane Abduction and adduction normally occur in frontal plane Rotational movements normally occur in transverse planeAxes are points that run through the center of a joint around which a part rotates
Nb joint movement will occur around an axis that is perpendicular. So a movement will be in a plane around a axis
So Flexion and extension will occur in saggital plane but around frontal axis - 16—.
- 17Pathological terms Dislocation: Complete speration of two articular surfaces of a joint, portion of capsule will be torn Subluxation: partial dislocation of a joint, usually occurs over a period of time osteoarthritis (Tumor, Rubor, Dolor, Calor) : Known as degenerative arthiris, it is the breakdown and loss of cartilage on one or more joints Sprain: Partial or complete tearing of ligament fibers. Can be differerent levels. Mild sprain no loss of function, moderate slight loss of function more muscle fibers torn, Severe sprain, complete rupture very seriousStrain: Overstretching of muscle fibers. Can also be a tendon
Tendonitis: Inflammation of tendon
Synovitis: Inflammation of synovial membrane
Tenosynovitis- Inflammation of the tendonius sheeth
Bursitus: Inflamation of bursa
Capsulitus: Inflmation of capsule
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- Fichas sobre Chapter 3 Articular system, creado por Brandon Marc Raik el 31/01/2022.
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- Brandon Marc Raik
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