Fichas
Arguments (continued)
Fichas del conjunto (23)
- 1In this lesson, you will examineadditional logical fallacies.
- 2More FallaciesRemember: Fallacies are flaws in reasoning and arguments built upon fallacious thinking ultimately collapse.
- 3Here are some additional fallacies:Appeal to the popular
Circular reasoning (begging the question)
False dilemma
Non sequitur
Overgeneralizing (hasty generalization)
Cause and effect
Fallacy of division
Fallacy of equivocation
Red herring
Straw man
Genetic fallacy
Guilt by association
Poisoning the well
Special pleading (double standard)
Slippery slope - 4Appeal to the popularinvolves appealing to the emotions of a crowd, or striving to convince someone to go along with the crowd.
Example: "Everyone else is doing it. Therefore, you should do it as well." - 5Circular reasoning (begging the question)occurs when one uses his or her conclusion as a premise.
Example: "The Bible states that it is God's Word. Therefore, the Bible is God's Word." - 6Christians oftentimes commit the fallacy of circular reasoning when they are asked for evidence that the Bible is God's Word, and they respond by saying,"The Bible is God's Word because 2 Timothy 3:16 says it is 'breathed out by God.'" One who says this is essentially saying that the Bible is God's Word because the Bible says it's God's Word.
- 7False dilemmaWhen one commits this fallacy, he or she reduces the options considered to just two when there are additional options available.
Example: "A Toyota Corolla gets better gas mileage than a Hummer. Therefore, the Toyota Corolla gets better gas mileage than any other car." - 8Non sequiturinvolves drawing a conclusion that does not logically follow the premises.
Example: "The school I'm going to is huge. Therefore, my first period classroom must be huge." - 9Overgeneralizing (hasty generalization)occurs when one generalizes from too few examples.
Example: "French fries and burgers are unhealthy. Therefore, all fast food is unhealthy." - 10Of course, there are some healthy options at fast-food restaurants, such as salads. Thus, the statement that all fast food is unhealthy simply becauseburgers and fries are healthy is overgeneralizing
- 11Cause and effecthe or she assumes that the effect is related to the cause because the events occur together.
Example: "When the rooster crows, the sun rises. Therefore, the rooster causes the sun to rise." - 12Fallacy of divisioninvolves assuming that what is true of the part is true of the whole.
Example: "Your car is blue. Therefore, its engine must be blue." - 13Just because the car is blue, that doesn't mean that its engine (or any of its other parts for that matter) are blue.What is true of one part isn't necessarily true of the whole.
- 14Fallacy of equivocationoccurs when one uses the same term in an argument in different places, although the word has different meanings.
Example: "A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. Therefore, a bird is worth more than President Bush." - 15Red herringhe or she introduces an irrelevant or secondary subject and thereby diverts attention from the main subject.
Example: "I know I forgot to deposit the check into the bank account yesterday. But, nothing I do pleases you!" - 16Straw manThis fallacy involves making a very weak argument so that no one will agree with its conclusion.
Example: "We know that evolution is false because we certainly didn't evolve from those silly looking monkeys." - 17Genetic fallacyThis fallacy occurs when one attempts to endorse or disqualify a claim because of the origin or irrelevant history of the claim.
Example: "You are a Christian because you were born in America. If you were born in Afghanistan, you would be a Muslim." - 18Guilt by associationWhen one commits this fallacy, he or she rejects an argument or claim because the person proposing it likes someone whom is disliked by another.
Example: "Hitler liked dogs. Therefore, dogs are bad." - 19Poisoning the wellThis fallacy involves presenting negative information about a person before he or she speaks so as to discredit the person's argument.
Example: "Bill is a loser. Therefore, we shouldn't listen to what he is about to say." - 20Special pleading (double standard)This fallacy occurs when one applies a standard to another that is different from the standard applied to oneself.
Example: A guy says, "You can't possibly speak against abortion because you're not a woman." - 21Slippery slopehe or she argues that a small first step leads to a string of related events that ultimately culminate in a major event (If A is allowed to happen, then eventually Z will happen. Therefore, we shouldn't allow A to happen.) This fallacy ignores the possibility of middle ground.
Example: "If we ban diesel trucks because they are bad for the environment, then eventually the government will ban all cars. Therefore, we shouldn't ban diesel trucks." - 22See below for a humorous commercial that commits the slippery slope fallacy in order to make its point.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIv3m2gMgUU&t=31s&ab_channel=DavidPreece
- 23"'Come now, let us reason together,' says the Lord"(Isaiah 1:18).
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- 11th grade Apologetics Fichas sobre Arguments (continued), creado por Payton Pye el 23/10/2023.
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- Payton Pye · oct 2023
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