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Weeks 8-9: Light Measuring Systems
Fichas del conjunto (44)
- 1Abbott FreeStyle LibreA system utilizing reflectance photometry to monitor glucose levels in patients with diabetes
- 2Absorbance SpectrophotometryMeasures the amount of light absorbed by a sample at specific wavelengths, based on the Beer-Lambert Law
- 3Beckman Coulter AU Series, DxC SeriesAutomated clinical chemistry analyzer that integrates multiple testing methods, including spectrophotometry and turbidimetry
- 4Beer-Lambert LawRelates the absorbance of light to the concentration of an absorbing substance; used to measure the concentration of metabolites and compounds in biological samples
- 5Biuret AssayColorimetric assay where proteins react with copper ions in an alkaline solution to produce a color change that can be quantified by measuring absorbance at a specific wavelength
- 6Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs)Types of detectors that detect light by converting it into an electrical charge, which is then processed into a digital signal, good for high-speed analysis of multiple wavelengths
- 7ChemiluminescenceThe emission of light due to a chemical reaction, often used in immunoassays where a substrate reaction produces light that is measured to quantify the concentration of a target analyte
- 8Colorimetric MethodType of absorbance spectrophotometry where the change and intensity of a sample’s colour is used to determine the concentration of an analyte, principal rooted in Beer-Lambert Law; used in immunoassays and biomarkers like CRP and TSH
- 9DetectorThe component of a light measuring system that is responsible for converting the transmitted or emitted light into an electrical signal that can be measured and processed
- 10EmissionWhen an excited fluorophore returns to its ground state by emitting light at a longer wavelength
- 11ExcitationWhen a fluorophore absorbs light at a specific excitation wavelength (often UV or visible light) and becomes excited to a higher energy state
- 12Flow CytometryAn advanced light-based technique that uses lasers to measure the optical and fluorescence properties of individual cells in a fluid stream, used for immunophenotyping and cancer diagnostics
- 13Fluorescence ImmunoassayFluorescently labeled antibodies to detect the presence of specific antigens or antibodies in a patient's sample; the fluorescence emission can be measured to detect infectious diseases, hormones, and autoimmune conditions
- 14Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay (FPIA)A technique using fluorescence and measures the polarization of the emitted light influenced by molecular size (smaller molecules show greater polarization); commonly used for drug monitoring and hormones
- 15Flourescence SpectroscopyA technique involving the measurement of light emitted by a substance when it absorbs light at a specific wavelength and then re-emits it at a longer wavelength; sensitive even at low concentrations and can be used in biomarkers and immunoassays
- 16FlourophoresCertain molecules that can absorb light at one wavelength and then re-emit it at a longer wavelength
- 17HemolysisWhen hemoglobin and other cellular components are released during hemolysis can absorb light at certain wavelengths, leading to false absorbance readings
- 18i-STATA handheld analyzer that combines electrochemical sensors with light-based methods like spectrophotometry for testing various parameters in whole blood, tests for electrolytes, blood gases, and other parameters such as pH, CO2, O2, sodium, potassium, and calcium
- 19IcterusElevated levels of bilirubin often seen in jaundice; bilirubin can interfere with the absorbance measurements leading to potential misinterpretation of results
- 20Infrared SpectroscopySpectroscopy that utilizes the absorption of infrared light to probe the molecular structure of a sample; vibrational excitation and the absorption spectra provide a “fingerprint” of the molecular composition
- 21Light Measuring SystemsSystems help quantify substances by measuring the amount of light absorbed or transmitted
- 22LipemiaLipid particles can scatter light, leading to turbid samples and inaccurate quantification
- 23MonochromatorResponsible for isolating specific wavelengths of light from the light source, ensures that only the desired wavelength interacts with the sample; they are composed of filters, prisms, and diffraction gratings to filter light
- 24Multi-Point CalibrationA calibration curve by measuring the absorbance of multiple standards with known concentrations of the analyte
- 25Multiplex FlourescenceTechniques that utilize multiple fluorophores, each with distinct emission spectra, enabling the simultaneous detection of several analytes in one reaction, assess multiple biomarkers
- 26NephelometryMeasures the light scattered at a specific angle from the sample, rather than the decrease in transmitted light; more sensitive at lower concentrations than turbidimetry and used for immune complex concentrations and CRP
- 27PhotobleachingWhen fluorescent molecules lose their ability to fluoresce due to prolonged exposure to light, which can affect the accuracy of measurements
- 28PhotodiodesSemiconductor detectors that generate an electrical current when exposed to light
- 29Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs)Highly sensitive devices used to detect low levels of light, often used in fluorometers or chemiluminescence detectors
- 30Point-of-Care (POC) DevicesPortable diagnostic systems that leverage light measurement techniques for rapid, on-site testing
- 31ProcessorThe component that receives the electrical signal from the detector and converts it into a measurable concentration or absorbance value
- 32QuenchingWhen fluorescence signals can be quenched (reduced) by environmental factors that absorb or scatter light, which can interfere with measurements
- 33Readout SystemA system in reflectance photometry that processes the signals from the detector and displays the result, typically in the form of an analyte concentration reflectance
- 34PhotometryA method measuring the amount of light reflected off the surface of a sample to determine analyte concentration; used in point-of-care testing devices with small amounts of samples
- 35Raman ShiftIn Raman spectroscopy, when a small fraction is scattered inelastically, causing a shift in energy
- 36Raman SpectroscopyA powerful technique that analyzes molecular vibrations by measuring inelastic scattering of light from monochromatic light, is non-destructive
- 37Roche Cobas SeriesAn integrated platform that combines spectrophotometry, immunoassays, and fluorescence to provide rapid, reliable results
- 38SensitivityThe ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who have a specific condition or disease; the proportion of true positive results and crucial for detecting (screening) cases of disease
- 39Single-Point CalibrationAbsorbance of the sample is compared to that of a standard solution with a known concentration of the analyte, assumes direct relationship
- 40SpecificityThe ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who do not have a specific condition or disease; the proportion of true negative results and ensures that the test does not falsely diagnose
- 41Stokes ShiftThe difference between the excitation and emission wavelengths
- 42Time-Resolved FlourescenceTechniques that measure the fluorescence emitted by a sample at delayed intervals after excitation, improves sensitivity by reducing background interference; this can detect low levels of biomarkers in cardiac disorders, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases
- 43TransmittanceThe amount of light that passes through a sample and reach the detector, the inverse of absorbance; the more light passing through, the lower the concentration with values ranging from 0 to 1
- 44TurbidimetryMeasures the decrease in transmitted light caused by the scattering of light by particles; there is greater light scatter with greater particle concentration, often used to measure protein levels, lipids, and cell counts
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- MLT Medicine Fichas sobre Weeks 8-9: Light Measuring Systems, creado por Robert Borden el 23/04/2025.
- Creado por
- Robert Borden
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