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PS443 W7 Readings Notes
Fichas del conjunto (26)
- 1ACKERMAN ET AL (2010): INCIDENTAL HAPTIC SENSATIONS INFLUENCE SOCIAL JUDGMENTS AND DECISIONS-6 experiments involving weight, texture and hardness
-touch is first sense to develop, critical means of info acquisition, environmental manipulation - 2Results of 6 experiments-heavy objects made job candidates seem more important, more serious
-Rough objects made social interactions more difficult
-Hard objects increased rigidity in negotiations
-Basic tactile sensations influence higher social cog processing in dimension specific, metaphor-specific ways - 3Heaviness and lightness-weighty matters, gravity of situation
-influence of weight on impression formation
-those who used heavy clipboards rated candidates as better overall
-allocated more money to social issues in heavy clipboard condition than light - 4Roughness and smoothness-having a rough day, coarse language
-those who completed rough puzzle rated interaction as harsher, more difficult than those who did smooth puzzle
-roughness changed evaluation of social coordination (consistent with "rough" metaphor) - 5Ultimatum game-texture changed impressions about social coordination
-roughness appeared to promote compensatory bargaining behaviour in situation perceived as uncoordinated
-didn't merely produce more negative behaviour overall however - 6Hardness and softness-metaphorically associated w/ stability, rigidity, strictness
-"she is my rock", "hard-hearted"
-Those who felt hard object judged employee to be more strict/rigid
-Those who sat on hard chairs judged employee to be more stable, less emotional but NOT more positive overall - 7Conclusive points-Neural cueing for particular dimensions of touch exp map onto those that register for associated metaphorical concepts
-first impressions liable to be influenced by one's tactile environment - 8NIEDENTHAL ET AL (2005): EMBODIMENT IN ATTITUDES, SOCIAL PERCEPTION AND EMOTION-social processing involves embodiment
-refers to both actual bodily states and to simulations of exp in brain's modality-specific systems - 9Amodal architectures-software of mind indep of hardware of body and brain
-this is computer metaphor
-motor system dutifully execute's central executive's commands
-much research dispute body and brain as separate, but most still accept higher level cognition operates amodally - 10Embodied architectures-cog reps and operations fundamentally grounded in physical context
-all cognition (incl higher level processes) relies on grounding in modalities/body - 11Offline embodiment evidence-ppl who listen to vignettes incl spatial descriptions, perform approp eye movements up and down as if actually there in situation
-ppl are faster at judging sensibility of sentence when its meaning is compatible w/ hand movement required for response - 123 AREAS FOCUSED1. ATTITUDES
2. SOCIAL PERCEPTION
3. EMOTION - 131. ATTITUDES - online-body involved in acquisition, use of attitudes
-attitude linked w/ posture
-amount of weight applied on edge of chair to nearest person as indication of how positive their attitude to other was
-nodding/shaking head can influence your preference to objects, incl unfamiliar ones - 141. ATTITUDES - offline=make pulling responses faster when responding to +ve words (pushing for -ve)
-those who did approach behaviour during name generation retrieved more names of ppl they liked - 152. SOCIAL PERCEPTION-mimicry and imitation - perceivers imitate facial gestures of perceived others
-imitation = ppl engaged in convo tend to synchronize their latency, rate of speech, duration of utterances, other speech characteristics - 16Imitation2 adaptive roles: (1) support fast learning
(2) social contagion (inducing congruent emotional states in others)
-we mimic when others are present
-embodied responses are engaged when ppl manipulate info offline about others stored in LT memory - 173. EMOTION - online-when we see others grimace we grimace too
-magnitude of grimace increased with how clearly they could see it
-exposed subliminally to happy faces later resulted in more approach-oriented behaviour
-mimicry of emotional gestures = mechanism that supports empathy?
-brain activation of regions for pain when painful stimulation applied to partner's hand - 183. EMOTION - offline-those induced to smile recalled happier material better
-sitting upright resulted in feeling more pride than sitting slumped - 19PSS theory-modality specific states also used to represent situations in offline processing
-cog system uses re-enactments (simulations) of them instead
-Convergence zones theory: there are systems of feature maps residing in sensory modalities + in limbic systems of emotion
-later conjunctive neurons reactivate states of processing in each modality and across without input from original stimulus
-multimodal reps of categories as SIMULATORS (conceptual processing = SIMULATION) - 20SIMULATION PROCESS-highly dynamic, context dep
-implement various representational types
-binding of simulators to perceived OR simulated ppl naturally implements propositions
-they can also represent abstract concepts (contrary to criticism) - 21SItuated conceptualizations-situate our reps of categories
-simulation of a category in background situation
-stereotypes situated in multimodal conceptualizations of social categories
-eg elderly stereotype content incl embodiments of slow motor movements
-switching costs when changing modalities - 22CRITICISMS OF EMBODIMENT THEORIES-need to explain how some cog activity can occur without involvement of bodily states and modality-specific simulations
-bodily feedback too undifferentiated, too slow to serve as basis of exp
-same bodily state associated w/ diff cog, emotional reps
-not good at representing abstract concepts - 23RESPONSES TO CRITICISMS-ppl flexible with their use of embodied info
-shallow vs deep processing - simulate only when needed (goal-driven) - 24KEY POINT about EC (and amodal theories)symbolic processing characteristic of human cognition grounded in embodied representations
-just because amodal theories can be configured post hoc to explain embodiment effect isnt effective - what is better is if they could predict these effects a priori but they never have - 25MORE KEY POINTS-EC effects don't just naturally follow from amodal theories
-can help us understand learning and unlearning affectively charged cognition
-social attitudes, prejudice and conditions that allow for these to be expressed - 26MOOD CONGRUENCE-EC can explain why and when it occurs
-simulation relies on same modality specific systems that represent inducedemotion, judgement's current mood and simulation can potentially interact
-when judge is feeling happy and judging happy person, mood and target consistent
-if judge were sad and judging happy person, mood and target conflict leading to lowering judgment
-should only occur when shared rep systems are used both to represent mood and target
Información
- Descripción
- Embodied Cognition Readings
- Creado por
- Helen Li · dic 2015
- Actualizado
- 19 feb 2016
- Visitas
- 5
- Valoración
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