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Drug Abuse and Drug Addiction - L1
Fichas del conjunto (28)
- 1Define Drug AbuseTaking of drugs for non-medicinal purposes
- 2Drug addictionIs a brain disease defined as a chronic, relapsing brain disease which is characterized by drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences.
- 3Define stimulants - give four examples.Substances which increase energy/alertness - also induce euphoria.
Caffeine
Nicotine
Amphetamine
Ecstasy like substances - 4What do depressants do? Give 2 main classes.Cause relaxation and euphoria.
Alcohol
Opioids
Marijuana - 5What is used to treat opiate addiction?Methadone.
- 6What do hallucinogens do? What kind of effect do they have? What do they target?Cause changes in perception - dissociative effects. Glutamate 2a receptors.
- 7What is ketamine, where does it act?Hallucinogen, NMDA channel blocker.
- 8Why do people take drugs?1) Feel good
2) To feel better
3) To do better
4) Curiosity and because other do it. - 9How do animals learn behaviours and what can this be exploited by?Learn by reward system - drugs take advantage of this, taking drugs activates the reward system
- 10What kinds of dependence are there?Psychological
Physical
Long term illness - 11Why do physical withdrawal symptoms occur?Body adapts to presence of drug. When drug is removed changes made in system come to light.
- 12Which system does alcohol act at?GABA
- 13What are the important neurotransmitters involved in addiction?Dopamine
5-HT
Glutamate - 14What effects does LSD have on 5-HT receptors? (2)1) Elevation of mood
2) Altered perception - 15Which receptor does LSD act on? What does it act as?5-HT2a
Agonist - 16What do drugs acting on the glutamate system cause?Altered perception
Enhanced memory - 17What effect do 5-HT2a agonists have on glutamate levels, where especially? What effect does this lead to?Increase glutamate level, especially in frontal areas of the brain.
Dissociative effects. - 18What is the key pathway in reward?Ventral Tegmental Area to Nucleus Accumbens.
- 19What is dopamine released in response to?Positive outcomes.
- 20What does the rate of onset of a drug depend on?How it is administered - Ingestion = slow, injection = quick
- 21How does onset of drug effect the euphoric feeling?The faster the delivery the greater the rush.
- 22What are the parts of the brain involved in drug addiction? What happens to these pathways?Reward + Drive (DA)
Self control (prefrontal cortex + glutamate)
Motivation (glutamate)
Pathway strength changes
REWARD MEMORY AND DRIVE INCREASE CONNECTIONS - 23What other part of the brain is activated in addiction? What effect does this have?Amygdala - emotional responses to drugs and drug paraphernalia
- 24Where does .... act on the reward pathway? Stimulants (cocaine and amphetamine) (2)1) Both directly on DA transporters at presynaptic terminal by NAc
2)Amphetamine inhibits MAO - 25Opiates and alcohol?1) Opiates inhibit VTA GABAergic interneurons, disinhibiting DA neurons
2) Alcohol stimulates the release of opioids, which then act on GABAergic interneuron. - 26Nicotine?1) Acts directly on nAChR at DA neuron (increasing likelihood of action potential release of dopamine at NAc cleft)
2) Stimulates glutamate neurons which are feeding into DA at VTA - 27Cannabinoids?Act on CB1 receptors, enhance efficacy of Dopamine at NAc
- 28PCP/KetamineModulate excitatory input from glutamatergic neuron at NAc
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- Degree Neuropharmacology Fichas sobre Drug Abuse and Drug Addiction - L1, creado por Anna mph el 23/12/2015.
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- Anna mph
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