Fichas
Small Animal Abdominal Wall (Practical)
Fichas del conjunto (56)
- 1What is the xiphoid process?Most caudal segmental cartilage of sternum
- 2What is the costal arch?Caudal border of ribs where costal cartilages are joined by fibrous tissue to form a continuous arch
- 3What is the iliac crest?Cranial extent of iliac wing
Ruminants have a definitive tuber coxae and tuber sacrale at this point - 4What is the tuber ischii?Caudolateral part of ischial bone which protrudes either side of the anus
- 5Which processes are easiest to palpate in the dog?Spinous processes
- 6How many nipples does a dog have?Varies with species and number of young reared
Monotoccous animals consolidate mammary tissue to form an udder
Distribution described as thoracic, abdominal or inguinal - 7Which lymph nodes drain the mammary glands?Thoracic and cranial abdominal mammary glands = axillary and sternal lymph nodes
Caudal abdominal and inguinal mammary glands = superficial inguinal lymph nodes - 8Why is important to know the lymph drainage of mammary glands?Lymph nodes may need to be removed if mammary tumours have metastasised
- 9What is the prepuce in male dogs?Integumental tube containing the penis
Open to exterior at preputial orifice
Inner smooth layer of integument reflected over penis during erection - 10Is the cutaneous trunci muscle smooth or striated?Striated
- 11What is the extent of the cutaneous trunci muscle?Covers lateral aspect of thorax and abdomen - caudodorsall fasicles
- 12Does the cutaneous trunci lie superficial or deep to mammary tissue in females?Deep
- 13What is the afferent pathway for the Panniculus reflex?Sensory supply from spinal segmental nerves - can be used to determine the point of spinal nerve damage
- 14What is the efferent pathway for the Panniculus reflex?Motor supply from brachial plexus - hence not anaesthetised by paravertebral anaesthesia
- 15Where do the cranial superficial epigastrics originate?Internal thoracic artery
- 16Where do the caudal superficial epigastrics originate?External pudendal artery
- 17Where do the deep circumflex iliac and phrenicoabdominal artery originate?Abdominal aorta (paired branches)
Phrenicoabdominal = L2, passes over dorsal adrenal gland and gives branches to craniodorsal abdominal wall
Deep circumflex iliac = L6, penetrates caudodorsal abdominal wall cranial to iliac spine - 18What region of the abdominal wall is supplied by the deep circumflex iliac artery?Dorso-lateral abdominal wall in caudal part of abdomen
- 19What region of the abdominal wall is supplied by the phrenicoabdominal artery?Dorso-lateral abdominal wall in cranial part of abdomen
- 20What do the superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain?Caudoventral regions (inguinal pubic and caudal umbilical)
- 21What does a lymph node look like?Firm fleshy texture with pale cortex and darker medulla
- 22What is the function of lymph nodes?Immune surveillance and primary immune response to antigens presented via afferent lymph draining to it
- 23What is the linea alba?Tendon of insertion for external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique and transverse abdominis muscles in ventral midline of abdomen
Attached cranially to xiphisternum and caudally to pubic bone via prepubic tendon - 24Why is the linea alba commonly used as a site for laparotomy?Thinner as the aponeuroses of the 3 abdominal muscle layers have fused
Less chance of haemorrhage due to reduced blood supply
Peritoneum firmly adhered to inner surface of linea alba so can both be repaired at once - 25What is the prepubic tendon?Caudal insertion of rectus abdominis muscle and linea alba on pecten of the pubic bone
- 26What is the inguinal ligament?Originates from ileum - thickened fibrous caudal edge of external abdominal oblique muscle
Runs over lateral border of iliopsoas muscle - 27What is the fibre direction of the rectus abdominis muscle?Craniocaudal
- 28What is the function of the rectus abdominis muscle?Tenses ventral abdomen and arches the spinal column dorsally
Important in locomotion and also helps support the abdominal contents - 29What is the surface feature of the rectus abdominis muscle?Arises from multiple somites in the embryo, each one represented by a segment
Segments united by tendinous inscriptions - 30Do segmental nerves pass above or below the vertebral transverse processes?Below
- 31What is the sensory innervation of the transverse abdominis aponeurosis and parietal peritoneum (rectus sheath)?Somatic spinal nerves
Visceral sympathetic nerves which travel adjacent to blood vessels - 32Define peritoneumSerosal layer lining abdominal and pelvic cavities
Composed of flattened mesothelial cells supported by fibrous connective tissue - 33Why do many folds of mesentery extend to the umbilicus?Embryological origin - carry umbilical vessels and function was to nourish foetus
- 34What important structures do the mesentery folds to the umbilicus carry in the foetus?Median vesicle ligament carries urachus
Lateral vesicle ligaments carry umbilical arteries
Falciform ligament carries umbilical vein - 35Why is a linea alba incision problematic when carried out cranial to the umbilicus?Fatty falciform ligament may reduce visibility
- 36Is the omentum a mesentery?Yes as it is a double layer of peritoneum - but between 2 organs rather than between body wall and organ
- 37What is a mesentery?Two opposing sheets of peritoneum with a thin layer of connective tissue in between
Within this layer of connective tissue are the blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics which serve the organ suspended by the mesentery - 38From where is the greater omentum derived embryologically?Dorsal mesogastrium
- 39Why does the greater omentum appear lace like?Preferential eposition of strands of fat along course of blood vessels
- 40How many layers does the greater omentum have?2 double layers
Superficial and deep - 41What is the space between the double layers of the greater omentum called?Omental bursa
- 42How does the space between the double layers of the greater omentum communicate with the remainder of the peritoneal cavity?Epiploic foramen
- 43How can the greater omentum be used in abdominal surgery?Can grow to 'close off' areas of infection so may be stitched over closed incisions during surgery to help prevent peritonitis
- 44Are the colon and duodenum covered by the greater omentum?No
- 45On which side of the body does the colon lie?Mainly on right
- 46On which side of the body does the duodenum lie?Mainly on right
- 47Which part of the duodenum contacts the body wall?Lateral wall of descending duodenum contacts right dorsal body wall
- 48Which part of the colon contacts the body wall?Descending colon contacts left dorsal abdominal wall
- 49Where does the greater omentum attach to the stomach?Greater curvature
- 50Name 2 structures which lie within the greater omentumSpleen
Left lobe of pancreas - 51On which side of the body does the liver protrude most obviously beyond the costal arch?Left, usually ventrally
- 52Why may the spleen be enlarged in some specimens?Barbiturate euthanasia causes enlargement of the spleen
- 53How can the position of the stomach change?After a large meal its position changes and it can extend as far caudally as the umbilicus
- 54Why is the jejunoileum easily displaced?Attached to great mesentery or mesojejunoileum which is very long
- 55Describe the shape of the caecumCoiled
- 56What happens to the position of the bladder as it fills with urine?Moves cranially - sometimes as far as the umbilicus
Información
- Descripción
- BVSc (Alimentary and Renal) Year 1 Fichas sobre Small Animal Abdominal Wall (Practical), creado por Florence Edwards el 27/01/2016.
- Creado por
- Florence Edwards
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