Flashcards
Human Biology Year 1 Midterm 1 Genetics (plus all TOPHAT)
Cards in this deck (58)
- 1What is pangenesis?Heredity between species, strange blending (example minotaur).
- 2What was preformationism?Traits are transmitted directly (even Darwin believed this)
- 3What did Lamarck think?Traits would blend. From simple to advance forms (perfection). Transmutation: species change over time. Acquired traits.
- 4What did JB Lamarck write?Philosophie Zoologique
- 5Define: Heritable traitcharacteristics of an individual that can be passed on from one generation to the next.
- 6Define: GeneThe determinant factor of a characteristic of an organism. A sequence of DNA that codes for the production of a particular protein. Often these lead to an observable phenotype.
- 7Define: Locusthe specific place on a chromosome where the gene is located
- 8Define: alleleone of the possibnle states (variations) of a gene. The specific nucleotides in the DNA. Are demonstrated as letters; eg: A or a, indicating dom or rec.
- 9Define: Genotypethe genes, alleles, that an individual possesses.
- 10Define: phenotypethe observable attributes of an individual that come from genotype. Often called "trait"
- 11Define: True Blendinga group of genetically identical individuals that always produce offspring of the same phenotype when interbred. Often used in agriculture & show/ race animals.
- 12Define: homozygotea diploid organism with 2 copies of the same allele for a gene (homozygous) eg TT or tt
- 13Define: heterozygoteA diploid organism with different alleles for a gene (heterozygous) ex Tt
- 14Why was Mendel lucky with the plant and phenotypes he chose to observe?He chose phenotypes with dominant/recessive relationships.
- 15Name 4 reasons why Mendel chose the pea plants.-easy to cultivate
-pollination was easy to control
-Male and female parts in same flower, self-fertilizing (helps with the establishing of the breeding lines)
-Some work had already been done - 16What do P and F1 stand for?P= parent generation
F1= first filial generation - 17Define: monohybrid crossHybrid for one character
- 18Define: Reciprocal crossA paired cross in which the genotype of the male in one cross is present in the genotype in the female in the second cross and vice versa.
- 19Define: selfmonoecious (having both male and female organs) plants crossed with themselves
- 20Define: Law of SegregationParents' alleles stay segregated
- 21Name Mendel's four postulates-Unit factors (alleles) in pairs (genes) [one from mom and one from dad]
-Dominance and recessiveness
-Segregation (no blending)
-Independent assortment - 22Name Mendel's 2 laws-Law of segregation and law of
-independent assortment - 233 points on the Law of Segregation-Factors (alleles) stay separate from each other in the body
-Either can be passed on to offspring
-There is no blending - 24Why are Punnett Squares useful?To predict and keep track of the allele combinations in cross
- 25Know what a dihybrid cross isOkay.
- 26The prodcuts or meiosis are:4 haploid cells
- 27The products of mitosis are:2 diploid cells
- 28The presence of Cyclin regulates passage through the check points in the cell cycle, what regulates the presence of Cyclin?cell size and age
- 29Passage through the check points in the cell cycle is regulated by?cyclin
- 30When both chromosomes of the same type (in a diploid cell) are replicated, they consist of which?1 homologous pair, 2 chromosomes, 4 chromatids
- 31What is a homologous pair?A pair of the same chromosome type (consisting of one chromososme from each parent
- 32What is a chromatid?A replicated chromosome consisting of 2 identical sister copies
- 33What is a chromosome?A structure consisting of DNA and histone that contain genes
- 34The scientific method (3 points)Is based on obeservation, hypothesis, and testing;
Can lead to valid, but incorrect theories;
Is based on falsification
Select all of the above that apply - 35Scientific is:Understanding the natural world through natural means;
SUbject to bias;
Knowledge based on the best and most recent evidence - 36Which of the following apply to mitosis: a Produces 2 cells b Daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell c DNA is recombined in prophase 1 d Produces 4 habloid sex cells e Conserve genome from one cell generation to the next f Occurs only in diploid cells g Growth and repair h Conserves the amount of genetic information from one generation to the nextABEG
- 37What condition allows for male calico cats?XXY
- 38Red hair is recessive (rr). How do you explain a red hair child from a blond hair mother and brown hair father, when we know the child has a blond and brown allele.Epistasis
- 39The AB blood type is a example of?co-dominance
- 40Wavy hair texture in an offspring who's mother has curly hair and who's father has straight hair is an example of?Incomplete dominance
- 41Regardless of how many alleles are in a population, a diploid organism can have at most...2
- 42What were the F1 results when Mendel crossed true breeding tall plants with true breeding dwarf plants?All tall
- 43What did Lamarck think happened to the parents traits in the offspring?blend
- 44When breeding two Palominos, what is the expected phenotype ratios?1/2 palominos
1/4 chestnut
1/4 cremello - 45Can you have true breeding palominos?No
- 46Which of the following apply to meiosis: a Produces 2 cells b Daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell c DNA is recombined in prophase 1 d Produces 4 habloid sex cells e Conserve genome from one cell generation to the next f Occurs only in diploid cells g Growth and repair h Conserves the amount of genetic information from one generation to the nextCDFH
- 47Which of the following apply to mitosis: a Produces 2 cells b Daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell c DNA is recombined in prophase 1 d Produces 4 habloid sex cells e Conserve genome from one cell generation to the next f Occurs only in diploid cells g Growth and repair h Conserves the amount of genetic information from one generation to the nextABEG
- 48What is co-dominance?Situation in which the individual expression of both alleles is in the phenotype. (3rd phenotype expressed as a blend of the 2 dominant alleles; no corresponding allele for that phenotype, just a dual expression) ex- black and white spots are black and white alleles
- 49What is incomplete dominance?The situation in which both alleles influence the phenotype. (looks like lamarcks blending) ex- grey chickens are black and white alleles
- 50Are blood types an example of multiple alleles?Yes, (polymorphic)
- 51Give an exanple of dominance heiarchyBlack over brown over light brown
- 52Know lethal allelesokay
- 53What is epistasis?Interaction between genes such that one prevents the expression of another gene.
cc masks C even though its recessive - 54What is the chromosomal theory of inheritance?Chromosomes are the carriers of genes and the basis for the mendelian mechanismsof segregation and independent assortment (in meiosis)
- 55Define: Homogametic-The sex with copiesof the same sex chromosome (females)
-It can produce only one type of game with respect to sex chromosomes (x) - 56Define: Heterogametic-The sex with 2 different copies of the sex chromosome (males)
-It can produce 2 different types of gametes with respect to sex chromosomes. - 57Define: hemizygousThe condition where a gene is present in a single dose in an otherwise diploid organism.
- 58Who came up with the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance?Walter Sutton and Theodor Bover
Information
- Description
- University Human Biology Flashcards on Human Biology Year 1 Midterm 1 Genetics (plus all TOPHAT), created by michellelynnlebl on 02/10/2014.
- Created by
- michellelynnlebl
- Views
- 82
- Tags
- Rating