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Egypt - Chapter 4
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- 1Why was Egypt called "The Gift of the Nile"Because the Nile river brought LIFE to Egypt
(Remember, Egypt is a desert. Water from the Nile = Life) - 2What Greek Historian called Egypt "The Gift of The Nile"?Herodotus
- 3Why did civilization develop along the Nile River?Because people started farming along the Nile River (they now had food to eat, so they could stay there)
- 4What contributed (let) a great civilization to arise in Egypt around 3200 BC?Water from The Nile River
Fertile Soil (good soil to grow with)
A Protected setting in the valley - 5What is the longest river in the world?The Nile River
- 6How long is the Nile River and describe how it runs?The Nile River is 4000 miles long and starts in:
CENTRAL AFRICA
and runs
NORTH to the MEDITERANEAN SEA - 7Where on the Nile River did Egyptian Civilization DevelopEgyptian civilization developed along a 750 mile stretch of the Nile in NORTHERN AFRICA
- 8What 2 Regions made up Egypt?The Southern Region
and
The Northern Region - 9The SOUTHERN REGION of Egypt was called what?It was called UPPER EGYPT
- 10The NORTHERN REGION of Egypt was called what?LOWER EGYPT
- 11Can you tell me why the Northern Egypt was known Lower Egypt and why Southern Egypt was known as Upper Egypt?Hint: (The answer has to do with the flow of the river from South to North)
- 12How wide was the fertile valley of Upper Egypt?13 miles wide
- 13what was on either side of the fertile valley of Egypt?desert
- 14What are the "cataracts" on the Nile River?WATER RAPIDS
(formed when the river flows over rocky terrain) - 15What was the "Delta" of the Nile?An area where the Nile divided into several branches, fanned out and deposited soil - this area was the shape of a triangle
- 16What covered the Nile Delta?Swamps and Marshes
- 17Where did the Nile River flood and at what times?The Nile River flooded every year.
It flooded Upper Egypt in the summer and Lower Egypt in the fall - 18Why were the Nile River floods so important?The floods deposited rich "silt" (soil) onto the land that made the land ideal for farming
- 19What did the Egyptians call their land and why?They called it Black Land because the silt from the river made the ground a blackish color. They called the desert outside of the valley the Red Land
- 20When did hunter-gatherer groups first move into the Nile Valley and what did they learn to do later?About 12,000 years ago. They later learned to farm
- 21Describe the irrigation systems that the farmers in Egypt developed?They developed basins (things that store water) to store the water during the floods and developed canals that carried the water from the basins to the fields during the dry seasons
- 22What did the early Egyptian farmers grow and what did they raise near the river?They grew Wheat, Barley, Fruits, Vegetables and raised cattle and sheep.
- 23What were the natural protections from invaders that the area offered the EgyptiansThe desert to the west (made it tough to cross)
The Mediterranean Sea to the North (tough to cross)
The Red Sea (tough to cross)
Cataracts in the Nile (made it tough to travel along the Nile) - 24The two kingdoms of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt came together around what year and what were they made of?3200 BC and made up of villages that had banded together under strong leaders
- 25The King of Lower Egypt ruled from a town called what and what color crown did he wear?A town called Pe.
He wore a red crown - 26What town did the king of Upper Egypt rule from and what color and shape was his crown?He ruled from a town called Nekhen
His crown was white and cone-shaped - 27Who was Menes?He was a leader in Upper Egypt who wanted to unify Upper and Lower Egypt.
- 28What do historians consider Menes to be?The first "pharaoh" which means "great house"
- 29Menes also founded Egypt's first what?dynasty
- 30What is a dynasty?A dynasty is a series of rulers from the same family
- 31What city did Menes build and where? What was this new city?He built a city called Memphis which is located at the tip of the Nile Delta. This new city became the capital of Egypt
- 32Menes wore what type of crown?At first he wore the white and red crowns of both upper and lower Egypt and then combined them into a double crown
- 33How long did the first dynasty of Menes last?About 200 years
- 34What happened after the first dynasty of Menes?Other challengers took over Egypt and established the Second Dynasty
- 35What other food was found along the Nile River?Fish, Geese, ducks
- 36Were Pharaohs considered gods?yes, descendent of the sun god Re
- 37Religion shaped Egyptian lifeok
- 38why were the pyramids in Egypt builtthey were built as tombs for the pharaohs
- 39What is the Old Kingdom in Egypt?the period in Egyptian history that lasted from 2700 BC to 2200 BC
- 40the most famous pharaoh of the old kingdom was who?Khufu
- 41List the 4 layers of the Egyptian social structurePharaoh
Nobles (officials and preists)
Scribes and Craftspeople
Famers, Servants and Slaves - 42Name some of the gods (demons) that the Egyptians worshipedRe - sun god
Osiris - god of the underworld
Isis - goddess of magic
Horus - sky god - 43did the Egyptians believe in the afterlife?yes, they believed that the "ka" left the body and went to the afterlife but had the same needs as when living on earth (food, furniture, clothes etc)
- 44Why did the Egyptians make mummies out of bodies?so the 'ka" would recognize it's body. If it didn't recognize its body, then it would be unable to eat or drink and have a good afterlife
- 45could the poor people afford to mummify their dead?no, they would bury them in a shallow grave so the sun and heat would dry out the body
- 46why was the authority of pharaoh never questioned?because the people considered him a king and a god
- 47what did the Egyptians mean by the afterlife?life after death
- 48what is engineeringthe putting into practice (application) of scientific knowledge for practical purposes (like building things)
- 49what does the building of the pyramids tell us about Egyptian society?since the pyramids were built for the pharaohs, and the bigger the pyramid, the more important the pharaoh, they believed that the pharaohs ruled and controlled everybody in the afterlife and could make them happy. the pyramid's shape pointed to the sky where they believed the pharaoh went.
- 50When was the Middle Kingdom?2050 BC to 1750 BC.
- 51The middle kingdom was a period of stable government between periods of disorderok, thanks
- 52When was the New Kingdom?1550 BC to 1050 BC
- 53in the New kingdom, Egyptian trade and military power reached their peak, but Egypt's greatness did not lastthanks
- 54What are trade routes?paths followed by traders
- 55who was Queen Hatshepsut?she was the first pharaoh woman and ruled during the New kingdom
she dressed like a king and wore a fake beard. - 56after the Middle Kingdom, Egypt created a professional armyok thanks
- 57How did Ahmose manage to become king of all Egypt during the Middle Kingdom?He drove the Hyksos (they were an invading people that took over the Egyptians) out of Egypt and declared himself King.
- 58who was Ramses the Great?he was a pharaoh who ruled in the late 1300s and early 1200s BC
- 59What did Ramses the great do?he was trained as a ruler and a fighter and greatly increased the Egyptian kingdom He built many great monuments.
- 60where did Ramses live?he lived in a city he built on the Nile Delta called Pi-Ramesse (means the house of Ramesse)
- 61what kind of writing did the Egyptians develop?Hieroglyphics
- 62what is papyrus?long lasting paper-like material made from reeds
- 63when an Egyptian dies, what does his soul turn into?a spirit
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- Fichas sobre Egypt - Chapter 4, creado por jmoskonas el 08/01/2014.
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