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Chapter 7 Human Relations
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- 1Object relations therapysee to understand the interaction between intrapsychic dynamics and interpersonal relationships
- 2relational-cultural theoryemphasize the inter psychic experience of relationships or the connections and disconnections that occur between people in relationships
- 3objectthe aim of relational need in human development and the object relations are the intrapsychic experiences of those relationships
- 4Melanie Kleininitiated the shift away from studying innate biological instincts and toward the relationships between people
- 5Klein- splittingbc of anxiety over aggressive impulses, children split objects and feelings into good and bad aspects in an effort to retain good ones as a part of the self while getting rid of bad ones by projecting them onto others.
- 6splitting continued...the splitting of the object image into opposes in the internal world of fantasy, permits children to treat the internalized object as clearly good or bad while continuing to trust and love the actual external person who is an intricate combo of both
good-me vs. bad-me - 7personality-object relation theorypersonality is shaped by relationships with significant others and through our interactions with significant others do we take into ourselves part of others and begin to build a self-structure
- 8how object relation theory was used bestklein was more interested in the"inner world" than the "outer world" and was helpful in understanding psychopathology- borderline personality disorder and narcissistic personality disorder
- 9object relations theory continued...human development is a lifelong process of emerging in and out of the dependent relationship of infant and mother and becoming an individual capable of entering into mature adult relationships
- 10Margaret Mahlerexplored the process of separation and individuation by which the child emerges from a symbiotic or intimate fusion with the mother and assumes individual characteristics
- 11separationphysical differentiation and separateness from ones primary caregiver
- 12individuationpsychological growth away from ones primary caregiver and towards ones unique identity
- 13normal autism to normal symbiosisthe infants ego develops from a state of absolutely primary narcissism to a recognition of an external world- there is no real separation of self from mother but developments may occur that promote or impede the subsequent individuation process
- 14four stages of separation-individuationdifferentiation
practicing
rapprochement
consolidation - 15differentiationthe development of a body image separate from that of the mother (5-9 months)
- 16practicingperfecting motor abilities and developing physical independence (10-14 months)
- 17rapprochementincreased awareness of separateness from its mother with an accompanying sensitivity to her absence that expresses conflict between the urge to separate and the fear of loss and a recognition that mothers have both good and bad aspects (14-24 months)
- 18consolidationunification of the good and bad in mother with the image of her as a separate entity in the external world and the beginnings of the Childs own individuality and separate personhood as seen in the development of a self-concept based on a stable sense of "me"
- 19Heinz Kohut self theorymaintained that children need to be mirrored (have their talk and their accomplishments acknowledged, accepted and praised which leads to idealization which enables them to develop goals
- 20autonomous selfqualities of both self-esteem and self-confidence, established both general ambition, precise goals and develops talents and skills in order to meet them
- 21traumain object relations theory, trauma in the course of development can lead to pathological delay and the stunting of emotional growth and ego formation
- 22narcissistic personalitycharacterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-involvement, low self esteem, chronic sense of emptiness and unimportant physical complaints
- 23Otto kernberg borderline personality disorderunable to engage in introspection, develop insight and work through problems.
have strong mood swings and are inclined to see significant others in their lives as all good or all bad.
have powerful aggressive tendencies - 24kernberg transference focused psychotherapytherapist plays a more active role than is typical of classical psychoanalysis and the stress is placed on current behavior rather than past events.
the therapist clearly depicts and discusses the patients seeming distortions of reality such as a distorted view of the therapist - 25kernberg continuedhe believes that aggressions a major motivating force and rage is the necessary emotion contributing to the feeling of aggression as a drive
- 26Nancy Chodorow reproduction of motheringa process by which the mother-daughter relationship instills in the daughter maternal capacities and a desire to take on the role of mother in future relationships
- 27motheringmothering meets a woman's psychological need for reciprocal intimacy initiated during her own infancy when she and her other saw one another as extensions of themselves-
they do not feel the same sense of oneness with their sons - 28connectionthe basic origins of growth and development
- 29disconnectionsderail us and block our growth
- 30relationship differentiationa process that entails increasing levels of complexity within the framework of human relationships
- 31relational developmentthe two directional dynamic of mother-daughter relationship is an early model this
- 32mutualitya way of relating a sharing in which all are fully participating
- 33empathyexperiencing the feelings and thoughts of another while simultaneously knowing ones own different feelings and thoughts
it is a fundamental model of human relatedness - 34disconnectionthe break that is experienced when a person cannot engage in mutually empathetic and empowering relationships
- 35mirror neuronsa glimpse to the workings of primal empathy
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- Fichas sobre Chapter 7 Human Relations, creado por Meredith Trudgeon el 22/02/2017.
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