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- 1What is behavior generally and technically? Give 3 synonyms for behaviorBehavior is anything that someone says or does. Technically it is any muscular, glandular or electrical activity of an organism. Synonyms for behavior include action, responding, activity
- 2Describe two dimensions of behaviorDuration
Intensity - 3State 7 defining characteristics of behavior modificationdefining problems in terms of behavior that can be measured
its treatment/techniques involves altering a person's environment
methods/rational can be described precisely
techniques can be applied by people in everyday life
techniques stem from basic and applied research in the science of learning
emphasizes scientific research that a certain treatment was responsible for a particular behavior
it places high value on accountability for everyone involved in the program - 4Define behavior assessmentcollection and analysis of information and data in order to identify/describe target behavior
Identify possible causes of that behavior
select an appropriate behavior treatment plan
evaluate treatment outcome - 5Briefly describe B.F Skinner's early influence on behavior modificationHe distinguished between Pavilion conditioning and operant conditioning. He believed that that basic learning principles could influence the behavior of people in all kinds of situations
- 6List four myths about behavior modificationIt is outdated
It can only be used to address simple problems like toilet training and not bigger problems like low self-esteem
Behavior modifiers are cold and do not develop empathy with their clients
Behavior modification on changes symptoms and does not get to the underlying problem - 7List four behaviors of children with autism that have been modified using behavior modificationPlay
Language skills
Self-stimulatory behaviors
Social Behaviors - 8List four behaviors in the area of self-management of personal problems that have been modified by behavior modification techniquesStudy habits
Exercising
Controlling gambling
Saving money - 9What is health psychology?It is concerned with understanding how psychological factors contribute to physical health/illness
- 10List five areas of application within health psychologyThe direct treatment of medical problem
Treatment compliance
Promotion of healthy living
Management of caregivers
Stress management - 11Define behavioral community psychologyApplications to socially significant problems in unstructured community settings where the behavior of others is not considered deviant . Focuses on individuals in the social context
- 12Define organizational behavior management (OBM)The application of behavior principles and methods to study individual/group behaviors within organizational settings
- 13Define behavior sports psychology?The use of behavior analysis principles and techniques to enhance the performance of athletes and others associated with the sports
- 14What are two names for respondent conditioning?Classical and Pavlovian conditioning
- 15What are respondent behaviors? Provide 3 examplesBehaviors elicited by prior stimulus and that are not affected by their consequence. Examples : Salivating to the smell of something cooking in the oven, blushing when told that your fly is undone, and feeling aroused when watching porn
- 16State the principles of respondent conditioning. Clearly diagram an example of respondent conditioningIf the NS is closely followed by an US that elicits an UR then the previous NS will elicit the UR
Example: Every-time the child sees her doctor (NS) he gives her a needle (US). The child then begins to cry (UR). Now every-time the child sees her doctor (CS) she cries (CR) - 17Define and give an example of unconditioned stimulusStimulus that elicits a response without prior learning (food)
- 18Unconditioned responseA response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus (salivating to the smell of food)
- 19Conditioned responseA respondent response elicited by a conditioned stimulus or an operant response that has been strengthened by reinforcement (child crying when she sees her doctor)
- 20Briefly describe 5 variables that influence a CRThe greater the number of pairings of a CS, the greater the ability of it to elicit a CR
The CS should immediately precede the US
The CS should always be paired with the US
The NS that precedes the US the most will likely become a stronger CS
Both the CS and/or the US should be strong and not weak - 21Diagram an example of higher order conditioningFirst order conditioning
NS - Doctor
US - Needle
CS1 - Doctor
= UR Crying
CR Crying
2nd order
NS - Phone ring tone
CS1 - Doctor
CS2 - phone ring tone
CR - crying to the phone ring tone - 22What is biological preparedness? Give an exampleThe predisposition of some members of a species to be more readily conditioned to some NS as CS then to others (example: conditioned taste aversion. If something causes nausea then we are more likely to avoid that food again)
- 23Define respondent stimulus generalization and give an exampleThe tendency for the conditioned stimulus to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned. (example : if one eats an orange and gets sick, one might also avoid eating tangerines and clementines because they look similar to oranges, and might lead one to think that they are also dangerous)
- 24Define respondent stimulus discrimination and give an exampleIt occurs when a new stimulus that has similar characteristics to the previously-associated stimulus elicits a response that is the same or similar to the previously-associated response. (example : A child watches the news and hears a story of a dog attacking another person. The child has a dog and is scared of his dog because he thinks he will attack him)
- 25What is aversion therapy? Give an examplePairing something unpleasant with an undesirable behavior (example : pairing nausea with alcohol drinking for an alcoholic)
- 26What is operant behavior? Give an exampleBehaviors that operate on the environment to generate consequences and influenced by those consequences (example : Putting gas in your car)
- 27What is operant conditioning? Give an exampleThe process of strengthening a behavior by reinforcing it or weakening it by punishing it. (example : not to touch a hot stove because it burnt me last time)
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- Fichas sobre Sin título, creado por Nira Diamant el 07/04/2017.
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