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- 1CompartmentsAnatomical groups of muscles, nerves and blood vessels confined to within inelastic boundaries such as muscles, skin, bone and fascia. It attaches, stabilises and seperates muscles or other internal organs
- 2Compartment syndromePressure can increase in compartment content usually caused by bleeding or swelling
Decrease in pressure caused by bleeding or pressure from another area into the compartment, caused by plaster or bandage pressure. Obstruct venous return from compartment - 3Signs and symptoms of chlamydia- Unusual vaginal bleeding after intercourse
- Pain during intercourse
- Offensive vaginal discharge
- Flu like symptoms
- Genital sores, rash or unusual limbs and growth - 4Antenatal care- Infomation about nutrition
- Lifestyle factors
- Screening tests
- Breastfeeding classes
- Ultrasound
- Check ups of kidney health, blood group and iron - 5Greenstick fractureBends and cracks
- 6SpiralRotating fracture - often in spinal cord
- 7Comminuted fractureBone shatters in three or more pieces
- 8TransverseHorizontal fracture line
- 9CompoundSkin may be pierced by bone
- 10Indications of abuse on x ray- Fractures at various stages of healing
- Periosteal bleeding in long bones
- When callous has formed/ healing occurred - 11Post operative care in a child's injury- Vital signs
- airway assessement
- Neurovascular observation/plaster care
- Pain assessment - 12Determining whether a child's bruising is normal or not- Normal bruising is on skins, elbows, forehead.
- Bruises around torso, buttocks, especially with abnormal pattern should be investigated - 135p's of compartment syndrome- Pain
- Pain on passive motion
- Paralysis - lack of ability to flex or extend toes or fingers
- Parathesia - Numbness or tingling
- Pallor - lack of colour indicating coldness - 14Human chorionic gonadatrophin hormone (HCG)- Prevents miscarriage, and to regulate pregnancy hormones.
- Secreted at a high level for the first trimester and secretion levels decline after two months - 15Human placental lactogen (HPL)- Breaks down fats from the mother to provide fuel for the baby.
- Can cause insulin resistance and carbohydrate intolerance in the mother - 16factors contributing to post natal depression- Low self-esteem
- Low social support
- Major life events
- Low income
- History of abuse - 17BronchiPassages that filter air to and from the lungs
- 18BronchiolesAir passage to and from the lungs
- 19Respiratory acidosisBuild up of carbon dioxide
- 20Respiratory alkalosis- Excessive breathing causing decreased levels of co2 in blood
- Caused by anxiety, fear, hyperventilation - 21Emergency resus of asthmaSevere exacerbation of asthma. Symptoms:
- confusion
- exhaustion
- Inability to speak
- Spo2 below 90%
- Marked accessory muscle use and tachycardia - 22Stages of separation anxiety- Protest, despair, detachment
- 23Impact/effect of hospitalisation on a child- Withdrawal
- loss of appetite
- poor sleeping
- Heightened fear and anxiety due to
- Separation from family
- Unfamiliar environment
- Anticipation of painful procedures
- Surrounded by strangers - 24Effects of hospitalisation on the family- Disruption to family routine
- Siblings issues with attention and jealousy
- Family dysfunction
- Relationship issues
- Financial
- Grief ] - 25sensorimotor stagebirth-2 years
- primary circular reaction - repeating actions because they find them pleasurable
- secondary circular reaction
- use of reflexes
- no understanding of the world other then their point of view - 26preoperational development2-4 years
- egocentrism - only thinking from their point of view
- magical thinking
- animism - animals and plants have life
- centration - focusing on one aspect of something and ignoring others - 27cognitive operational7-11 years
- conservation - amount of water not changing when poured into another glass
- seriation - sorting into categories
- understands concepts and subconcepts - 28formal operational11 years plus
- Abstract thoughts
- Thought processes
- Hypothetical problems
- Past, present, future - 29psychosocial stage for newbornsTrust vs mistrust
- 30Erikson psychosocial for toddlersautonomy vs shame
- 31Erikson psychosocial for primary school aged childrenIndustry vs inferiority
- 32Erikson psychosocial for adolescentsidentity vs role
- 33Reasons that adolescents do not access prenatal care- unaware of pregnancy
- denial
- lack of education about what it is - 34Tocophobiafear of pregnancy or childbirth
- 35antidepressants safe to use in lactationsertraline, paroxetine
- 36antidepressants not safe to use in lactationcitalopram, fluxotine
- 37how to improve breast feeding safety- Encourage taking the drug after breast feeding
- Give lowest effective dose - 38Effects of maternal depression on infants- Passivity
- Anger
- Low weight gain
- Attention and arousal problems
- Insecure attachment - 39Effects of maternal depression on Toddlers- Passive compliance
- Less independence
- Lower performance
- Less creative play - 40Mental health disorders in infancy- Feeding and eating disorders
- Attachment disorders
- Anxiety disorders
- Separation anxiety
- Motor skills disorder - 41Effects of maternal depression on school aged children- Impaired adaptive functioning
- Depressive disorders
- Anxiety disorders
- Low IQ - 42Effects of maternal depression on adolescents- Depressive disorders
- Anxiety disorders
- Substance abuse
- Attention disorders - 43What is the importance of pap tests- Detect for precancerous cells in the endocervical canal
- 44Alignment of bone- Distance of fracture from the end of the bone
- The amount of angulation
- The younger the child and the closer to the epiphyseal plate, the greater the chance of deformity - 45Who is at risk of compartment syndrome- Children who have had open fractures
- Crush injuries
- Burns
- Vascular problems - 46Signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome- Agitation, anxiety, increasing analgesia
- Child with deep, throbbing, unrelenting pain
- They look anxious - 47The importance of play for a hospitalised 4 years old child- Assists in development assessment through play activities
- Can act as a distraction to negative hospital procedures
- Respite for parents and also therapeutic involvement for parents - 48Respiratory assessmentObserve first for
- Activity level/interaction
- Position
- Colour
- Use of accessory muscles
- Respiratory rate
Touch second:
- Ausculation
- Percussion
- Oxygen saturation - 49Fine motor skills for a new born- Flexible grasp
- brief hold of a toy - 50Gross motor skills for a newborn- Fetal posture
- Chin up 1 month
- Chest up 2 months - 51Speech in a newbornCoos, different cries
- 52Fine motor skills for a toddler- block towers
- spoon and fork
- pencil between fingers - 53Gross motor skills in a toddler- kick balls
- two feet per step - 54Speech in a toddler- 50 words, 2 word sentence
- 55Differences in a child's respiratory system compared to an adults that can compromise their respiratory system- flexible cartilage in the trachea that can be compromised by head positioning
- smaller airways making it a great risk for airway obstruction
- Children have a larger tongue then adults making it easier to obstruct the airway - 56Considerations in pharmacology in children- Drugs are excreted slower due to immature renal system, increasing the risk of toxicity
- Blood brain barrier is more permeable causing faster uptake into the CNS
- Reduced plasma protein binding affecting distribution of drugs - 57Hyperemesis gravidarumType of nausea during pregnancy
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- nrsg 257 Fichas sobre Sin título, creado por Ellen Fitzpatrick el 09/06/2017.
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- Ellen Fitzpatrick
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