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Basic Concepts and Hydrocarbons
Fichas del conjunto (44)
- 1General formulasimplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series
- 2Addition reactiona reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule
- 3Subsitution reactionwhere an atom is replaced with a different atom
- 4Elimination reactionthe removal of a molecule from a saturated molecule to form an unsaturated molecule
- 5Structural isomersmolecules with the same molecular formula but with different structural arrangments of atoms
- 6Stereoisomerscompounds with the same structural formula, but with a different arrangment of atoms in space
- 7E/Z isomerisma type of stereoisomerism in which different groups attached to each carbon of a C=C double bond may be arranged differently in space because of the restricted rotatio of the C=C bond
- 8cis-trans isomerismtype of E/Z isomerism where a non-hydrogen group and hydrogen on each C of a C=C bond. the cis has the H atoms on the carbon on the same side. Trans has H on each C on different sides
- 9Structural formulashows the minimal detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
- 10Skeletal formulasimplified organic formula, with hydrogen atoms removed from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups
- 11Displayed formulashows the relative positioninf of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them
- 12Electrophilean atom that is attracted to an electron-rich centre where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond
- 13Nomenclaturesystem of naming compounds
- 14Alkyl Groupan alkan with a hydrogen atom removed e.g. CH3
- 15Hydrocarbonorganic compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen only
- 16Saturated hydrocarbonis a hydrocarbon with single bonds only
- 17Unsaturated hydrocarbona hydrocarbon containing carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds
- 18Aliphatic hydrocarbona hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a straight or brached chain
- 19Alicyclic hydrocarbonsa hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure
- 20Functioning Grouppart of the organic molecule responsible for the chemical reactions
- 21Homologous seriesseries of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2
- 22Alkanesthe homologous series with the general formula CnH2n+2
- 23Mechanisma sequence of steps showing the path taken by electrons in a reaction
- 24Electrophilic additiona type of addition reaction in which an electrophile is attracted to an electron-rich centre or atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond
- 25Carbocationan organic ion in which a carbon atom has a positive charge
- 26Curly arrowa symbol used in eaction mechanisms to show the movement of an electron pair in the formation or breaking of a covalent bond
- 27Polymerlong molecular chain built up from monomer units
- 28Monomersmall molecule that combines with many other monomers to form a polymer
- 29Addition Polymerisationthe process in which unsaturated alkene molecules add on to a growing polymer chain one at a time, to form a very long saturated molecular chain
- 30Addition polymera very long molecular chain, formed by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules
- 31Repeat unitspecific arrangement of atom that occurs in the structure over and over agin. Repeat units are included in brackets, outside of which is the symbol n
- 32Biodegradable materiala material that is broken down naturally in the environment by living organisms
- 33Radical substitutiona type of substitution reaction in which a radical replaces a different atom or group of atoms
- 34pi-bondreactive part of a double bond formed above and below the plane of the bonded atoms by sideways overlap of p-orbitals
- 35Initiationthe first step in a radical substitution in which the free radicals are generted by ultraviolet radiation
- 36Propagationtwo repeated steps in radical substitution that build up the products in a chain reaction
- 37Terminationthe step at the end of a radical substitution when two radicals combine to form a molecule
- 38Crackingthe breaking down of long-chained saturated hydrocarbons to form a mixture of shorter-chained alkanes and alkenes
- 39Catalysta substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the process
- 40Fractional Distillationthe separation of the compounds in a liquid mixture into fractions which differ in boiling point by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column
- 41Homolytic fissionthe breaking of a covalent bond, with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom forming two radicals
- 42Radicalspecies with an unpaired electron
- 43Heterolytic fissionbreaking of a covalent bond with both of the bonded electrons going to one of the atoms, forming a cation and an anion
- 44Nucleophilean atom that is attracted to an electron-deficent centre or atom, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond
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- Undergraduate (Basic Concepts and Hydrocarbons) Chemistry - Part 2 Fichas sobre Basic Concepts and Hydrocarbons, creado por siobhan.quirk el 24/05/2013.
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