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Learning Introduction
Fichas del conjunto (14)
- 1What is a change in behaviour?acquisition of new response OR suppression of existing response
- 2Why reliance on animal subjects1. Placebo effect
2. Convenience
3. Controlled environment
4. Comparitive simplicity - 3Behavioural vs cognitive approach to learningemphasis on external, reluctance to speculate about internal processes
- 4JB Watson logicPsychology = science
Science = Observable events - 5Skinner's perspectivecriticised unobservable events
intervening (internal) variable does not improve ability to predict behaviour - 6MillerIntervening variables useful when several variables involved
Otherwise would need separate rules for all cause-effect relationships - 7ReflexSimplest form of behaviour
Stimulus > automatic response - 8Startle responsedefensive reaction to sudden unexpected stimulus
- 9Orienting responsepositioning selves to facilitate attending to stimulus
- 10Habituation v Sensitisationregulate vigour of elicited behaviour to increase efficiency
H: decrease of elicited response after repetition
S: increase of elicited response after repetition - 11Infant study - H&Sfixation of visual stimuli changed depending on stimuli
- 12Principles of habituation1. Course: decrements in responding
2. Time: response will recover
3. Relearning: proceeds more rapidly after disappearing
4. Intensity: rapid with weak stimuli
5. Frequency: high vs. low
6. Overlearning: further learning can occur despite no observable change
7. Generalisation: similar stimuli
8. Second stimulus: recovery of previously habituated response - e.g. gun shot in woods - 13Principles of sensitisation1. Stimulus intensity
2. Time
3. Short or long term
4. Not stimulus specific - 14Psychological mechanisms of habituation Animal used, neurons, chemicalsSiphon gill withdrawal reflex
10-15 trials - complete habituation for 1hr, partial habituation for 24hrs
Neurons: decrease in excitatory conduction, decrease in amount of NT
Chemical: decrease in calcium > decrease in NT > decrease excitation
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- Psy236 Fichas sobre Learning Introduction, creado por steph.goodman94 el 10/11/2014.
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- steph.goodman94
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