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- 1What is Cohesion? What is the effect of cohesion? What Features create cohesion in a text?The way sentences join together to form a whole text using grammatical and lexical features.
This is done to achieve dynamism (strength and creativeness of a text).
1. Conjunctions
2. Pronouns
3. Adverbial Phrases
4. References (Exo, Endo, Anaphoric and Cataphoric).
5. Collocation
6. Lexical Signposts
7. Pragmatics - Unspoken rules (Adjacency Pair/Interaction). - 2What is Ellipsis? What is the effect of ellipsis? What are the rules of ellipsis? Give an example of ellipsis.Leaving out words instead of repeating them.
Ellipsis makes the sentances easier to understand (link to the education of audience) and shows mutual understanding.
You can only delete words in the second half of the sentence.
e.g. I went to the park yesterday and he ALSO WENT TO THE PARK YESTERDAY. - 3What is a clause? Give the two types of clauses and explain what they are used for. What are the effects of the different types of clauses?One clause consists of one subject and a verb that holds a complete thought.
Independent and subordinate clause.
An independent clause holds a complete thought whereas a subordinate clause holds an incomplete thought.
Independent clause shows coherency and education.
Subordinate clause shows lack of education and lack of coherency (Link to audience). - 4What is a Parallel Clause? What is the effect of a parallel clause? _____ can also be parallel. ___ cat. ___ dog. ___ fridge.In two or more clauses joined by a conjunction there are similar grammatical form and length.
This gives the text rhythm, balance and emphasis. It also makes the text more enjoyable and clear by enhancing readability.
Sentences can be parallel.
e.g. A cat. A dog. A fridge. - 5What is intertexuality? What is the effect of intertexuality? What is another use of intertexuality?Intertexuality is a reference to another text.
Intertexuality is used by the writer to add a retro feel e.g. using the name Juliet.
Allusion and Parody/
You can also use intertexuality by using discourse from another field as part of another. - 6What is Discourse Markers? What is the effect of discourse markers? If discourse markers are used ______ the text becomes artificial.Words used to connect/expand on ideas.
Effect varies with marker used.
Unnecessarily
e.g. by the way - Reminding reader
Helps manage conversation. - 7What are adjuncts? What is an example?Adds unnecessary information, mostly adverbials.
e.g. John helped Emily IN CENTRAL PARK. - 8What are disjuncts? What is an example?Express attitude to something with adverbials.
e.g. Sadly and Frankly
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- Fichas sobre Sin título, creado por Aisha Asghar el 10/02/2019.
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- Aisha Asghar
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