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IB Chemistry - Key definitions
Fichas del conjunto (21)
- 1Relative Atomic Mass (Ar)Average mass of all existing isotopes of an element compared to one atom of carbon-12
- 2Mass Number (A)Number of protons + Number of neutrons
*biggest number* - 3IsotopesAtoms of the same element (same atomic number) but different mass number (number of neutrons)
- 4ElectronegativityTendency of an element to attract a pair of electrons when covalently bonded
- 5First Ionization EnergyEnergy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms
X -> X+ + e-
- 6Atomic Number (Z)Number of protons; In a neutral atom, the number of electrons and protons is the same
*never changes*
- 7Relative Molecular Mass (Mr)Sum of all the relative atomic masses of all atoms present in a molecule
Example: Water = (2x1.01)+(1x16.01)=18.02 - 8Exothermic ReactionChemical reactions which result in a transfer of heat energy from the system to the surroundings (heat given out)
Enthalpy change is negative
Examples: Combustion and neutralization
- 9Endothermic ReactionChemical reactions which result in an energy tranfer from the surroundings to the system
Enthalphy change is positive
- 10Standard Enthalpy Change of Reaction (ΔH⊖)Heat transferred during a reaction
- 11Average Bond EnthalpyEnergy needed to break one mole of bonds in gaseous molecule under standard conditions
- 12Rate of ReactionMeasure of the amount of reactants being converted into products per unit time
- 13Activation Energy (Ea)Minimum value of kinetic energy which particles must have before they are able to react
- 14Brønsted-Lowry AcidProton (H+) donour
- 15Brønsted-Lowry BaseProton (H+) acceptor
- 16Lewis AcidElectron pair acceptor
- 17Lewis BaseElectron pair donour
- 18OxidationLoss of electrons during a reaction; Increase in oxidation number
- 19ReductionGain of electrons during a reaction; Decrease in oxidation number
- 20Oxidizing AgentSubstance that causes oxidation; Substance which is reduced
- 21Reducing AgentSubstance that causes reduction; Substance which is oxidized
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- Fichas sobre IB Chemistry - Key definitions, creado por rbarboza el 27/11/2014.
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