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Cfe Higher - Chemistry - Unit 2: Nature's Chemistry - Soaps, Detergents and Emulsions
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- 1How are soaps formed?Hydrolysis of fats and oils
- 2How many moles of Glycerol and fatty acids are firmed with each mol of hydrolysed fat or oil1 mol glycerol 3 mols fatty acids
- 3Manufacture of SoapsFats/oils boiled with sodium/potassium hydroxide.
- 4What role does the alkali play in the manufacture of soapsCatalyses the hydrolysis reaction and then neutralises the fatty acids.
- 5Structure of SoapsIonic hydrophillic head
non-polar hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain - 6How does soap cleanse?Hydrophobic tails bury themselves int he grease, hydrophillic heads remain in water. Soap ions dislodge the grease from surface of plate and splits it up into tiny droplets.
- 7What prevents the grease from joining together again?Surrounded by negatively charged soap ions therefore they repel eachother.
- 8How are detergent ions different to soap ions?They can be used in hard water
- 9What is hard water and where is it normally found?hard water is water containing Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions normally found in the south of England
- 10Why do soap ions not work so effectively in hard water?They react with the Mg and Ca ions to form insoluble salts known as scum
- 11What is an emulsion?The mixture of two immiscible liquids which have been vigorously shaken
- 12What is an emulsifier?A compound similar in shape to soaps and detergents added to emulsions to prevent the two liquids from separating into distinct layers.
- 13Structure of EmulsifiersHydrophillic head and hydophobic tail. Esters of glycerol and fatty acids.
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- Fichas sobre Cfe Higher - Chemistry - Unit 2: Nature's Chemistry - Soaps, Detergents and Emulsions, creado por scarlettjaynem el 01/12/2014.
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