Fichas
Network Layer
Fichas del conjunto (36)
- 1Routingthe process of deciding on routes to use and filling in tables at the routers that reflect these decisions
- 2Forwardingthe process of using routing tables to determine which outgoing line each incoming packet should be sent on next at each hop is termed forwarding
- 3Slosh EffectLinks oscillating between being to heavily loaded and too lightly loaded.
- 4Intra-AS routingDistributes routers each build their own routing table. Each link has a positive cost.
Least expensive route is chosen. - 5Distance Vector Routing"Routing by Rumor"
Nothing is known initially. Record the shortest path using time period # of hops until nothing changes. - 6Link State RoutingDijkstra's Algorithm.
- 7Count to Infinity ProblemWhen a link goes down other nodes don't know and still advertise routes using that downed link. Nodes will continue feeding each other bad info forever.
- 8Route PoisoningAdvertising down links as infinity
- 9Hold Down TimersIgnore all updates of a down route for a time.
- 10Broadcast RoutingSend to all other host in the network.
- 11Anycast Routingany one of several possible destinations is acceptable (example application: querying one of the DNS servers for a domain)
- 12Multicast Routingsend packets to multiple hosts
-Distribution tree - 13Mobile Host RoutingHow to handle routing when a host can change location/connections.
- 14Indirect RoutingAll data goes through a "Home Agent" that acts on the mobile host's behalf.
- 15Direct Routing (Triangle Routing)Like Indirect except the host talks to the correspondent directly and the correspondent talks to the hos through the home agent. HOST spoofs the address of the home agent, Networks don't like this
- 16Approaches to Congestion Control-Network Provisioning
-Routing Approaches
-Admission Control
-Traffic Throttling
-Load Shedding - 17End-to-end Congestion ControlCongestion is inferred from loss/delay at the end points
- 18Network Assisted Congestion ControlDirect: "Choke" Packets are sent by congested routers (Not used)
Indirect" ECN Explicit control notification flag is used in the header. - 19AQMActive Queue Management: dropping packets or using ECN before buffer is completely full.
- 20Admission ControlBefore a flow is initiated application goes through an admission control process that can guarantee QoS
- 21Traffic Shaping/policingRegulate the average rate and burstiness of flows by delaying packet transmissions.
- 22Token Bucketpackets wanting to enter network need one "token" for each byte; tokens are generated at a rate R per second; when no packets are waiting, tokens accumulate in a "bucket" of capacity B
- 23IPv4 Datagram20 Byte header
-length of datagram (16bits)
-checksum (16bits) Not in IPv6 - 24Classful addressingClasses A-E IP addresses
A-C for Unicast
D for Multicast - 25CIDRClassless Interdomain Routing
-Longest matching prefix (specificity)
0.0.0.0/0 form - 26DHCPDynamic Host Configuration Protocol
How IP addresses are dealt out.
Link layer broadcast to find DHCP server
Addresses are leased out for a finite amount of time. - 27NATNetwork Address Translation.
Conserve IP Addresses by using private networks - 28IPv6128bytes
No Checksum
No Fragmentation - 29ASAutonomous System
(Usually an ISP) - 30Transit NetworkNetworks that provide packet forwarding between other networks
- 31Stub NetworkNetworks that only carry traffic to and from and endpoint in the AS.
ex. U of S - 32Inter-AS routingUses Border Gateway Protocol, and must take into account political and commercial considerations.
- 33Intra-AS routingPerformance based and uses vector distance or link state routing.
- 34BGPBorder Gateway Protocol
AS' are assigned a # (ASN) each AS communicates AS Paths instead of just cost. (No more count to inf.) - 35MPLSMultiProtocol Label Switching
Switching between Datagram and Virtual circuit to agregate data flows though an AS. - 36SDNSoftware Defined Networking
separation of the control and data planes.
Another machine handles the routing. Can reduce costs.
Can Rewrite fields.
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- Descripción
- (Networking) Computer Science Fichas sobre Network Layer, creado por Shaun Leung el 15/04/2019.
- Creado por
- Shaun Leung
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