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Sociology: Crime and Deviance Flash cards
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- 1Altruistic SuicideEmile Durkheim's term for suicide in societies where people see their own happiness as unimportant
- 2Anomic SuicideDurkheim's term for suicide in societies where rapid change is occuring
- 3Egoistic SuicideDurkheim's term for suicide in societies where people regard their individual happiness as very important
- 4Fatalistic SuicideResults from the over-regulation of the individual (e.g. in prison or psychiatric institution)
- 5AnomieTerm, first used by Durkheim, to describe a breakdown of social expectations and behaviour; later used by Merton to explain reactions to situations in which socially approved goals were impossible for the majority of the population to reach legitimately
- 6Bedroom CultureUsed by Angela McRobbie and Jenny Garber to describe that girls are more likely than boys to socialize with their friends in the home, rather than on the streets or other public places
- 7Chivalry FactorUsed to suggest that the criminal justice system may treat women more leniently than men
- 8Cultural TransmissionValues are passed on from one generation to the next
- 9Differential AssociationTheory that deviant behaviour is learned from, and justified by, family and friends
- 10HegemonicThe dominant form of something
- 11HegemonyThe ideas and values of the ruling class that dominate thinking in society
- 12IdeologySet of ideas and beliefs that justify actions
- 13Ideological State ApparatusA term used by the Neo-Marxists writer Louis Althusser for those institutions that he claims exists to control the population through manipulating values (e.g. the media)
- 14Deviancy AmplificationWhen the action of the rule enforces or media in response to deviance brings about an increase in the deviance
- 15Institutional RacismRacism that is built into the normal practices of an organization e.g. the police
- 16InfrastructureTerm used by Marxists to describe the way a society produces wealth
- 17Interpretivist SociologistThose whose approach to sociology and research emphasises understanding society by exploring the way people see society, rather than by following traditional scientific analysis
- 18Left RealismA criminological theory, which argues that crime is a real problem affecting working communities. Left Realists argue that it is better to work within capitalism to improve people's lives, than to attempt full social change
- 19Longitudinal ResearchSociological research method involving studying a group over a long period of time
- 20Macro TheoryWay of looking at society, which concentrates on how social structure determines individual behaviour
- 21Micro TheoriesWays of explaining society that focus on how individuals interpret the social world
- 22MarginalizedA sociological term referring to those who are pushed to the edge of society in cultural, status or economic terms
- 23Master StatusWhen people are looked at solely on the basis of one type of act (good or bad) that they have committed, ignoring all other aspects of that person e.g. thief, murderer
- 24MeritocraticSystem of government or another administration in which people are appointed on merit
- 25Meta-narrativesA postmodernist term used to refer to the structural theories of Marxism and functionalism
- 26Night-time economyRefers to the way a leisure industry has developed at night in certain parts of the inner cities, providing the location of many offences
- 27OperationalizeTo define something in such a way that it cant be measured
- 28PolarizationMarx- Rich get richer, poor get poorer
- 29PaternalisticPatronizing approach that removes people's freedom to choose
- 30PositivistsThose advocating an approach that supports the belief that the way to gain knowledge is by following the conventional scientific model
- 31PostmodernRejects modernism attempts to explain the world through overreaching theories. Instead it suggests that there is no single, shared reality and focuses attention on the significance of the media in helping to construct numerous realities
- 32Qualitative DataData concerned with feelings, motives and experiences
- 33Qualitative ResearchA general term for approaches to research that are less interested in collecting statistical data, and more interested in observing and interpreting the ways in which people behave
- 34StrainRobert Merton- a lack of balance and adjustment in society
- 35SuperstructureMarxists- to describe the parts of society that are responsible for socialization and the spreading of ideology
- 36VerstehenWeber- the role of sociology is to understand partly by seeing through the eyes of those being studied similar to 'empathy'
- 37Zone of TransitionArea of city with high level of population turnover
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- These are flashcards with unit 4 sociology terms
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- Beth Morley
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