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Aggression- PSYA3
Fichas del conjunto (66)
- 1Social psychological approach Social learning theory BANDURAAggressive behavior is learned through direct experience or by observing others
- 2Social Psychological Approach BANDURA social learning theory What are the 2 ways of learning aggression?1) Learning by direct experience- if an action is reinforced ans is likely to occur again
2) Learning by reinforcement- sees role model behaving in a certain way and reproduces that behavior - 3What are the main methods of SLT?1) attention- can only learn if they concentrate
2) Retention- needs to be remembered
3) Production- need to be able to reproduce behavior
4) Motivation- individual expects to receive positive reinforcement for the modeled behavior - 4who are the most prominent source of modelling behavior?Family Members
- 5KEY STUDY- BOBO DOLLobserving children aggressive and non aggressive behavior
2 groups- 1 observing an aggressive adult and 1 not
children taken in a room with bobo doll
aggressive group acted more aggressive to the doll - 6Evaluation of SLTHomicide rates increase after a boxing match
Practical applications- children in aggressive families more likely to be aggressive
BOBO doll lacks ecological validity- child's toy made to be hit - 7Social psychological approach De-individualtionTo loose sense of identity
People act more aggressive in groups than they would on their own
Become faceless and anonymous - 8What 2 situations can de-individuation occur?1) Becoming part of a crowd
2) Identifying with a particular role (often aided by wearing a mask or uniform) - 9Research of de-individuation ZimbardoFemale undergrad students
2 groups- 1 wore bulky lab coats and hoods that hid faces group 2 given large name tags and introduced by name
Both groups could see participants being shocked
Hooded group shocked participant for twice as long - 10Evaluation of de-individuationAdolescents more comfortable seeking mental health advice anonymously online
Handball teams more aggressive when wearing matching kits
Violence in N.Ireland out of 500 attacks 206 were carried out anonymously
Demand characteristics in research
Gender Bias- males & females DO NOT respond in the same way- males more prone to losing inhibitions - 11Social Psychological Approaches Institutional AgressionActs of institutional aggression range from physical abuse to acts designed to destroy a national, racial or religious group
- 12Social Psychological Approaches Institutional Aggression Interpersonal factors- IRWIN & CRESSEYClaim that prisoners bring their own social history and traits into prison
They are not blank slates and many normative systems developed on the outside would be brought into prison - 13Social Psychological Approaches Institutional Aggression Situational Factors- Deprivation ModelThe model argues prisoner aggression is the product of the stressful and oppressive conditions of the institution
These factors include crowding, assumed increase of fear & frustration levels and staff experience - 14Social Psychological Approaches Institutional Aggression ZIMBARDO PRISON EXPERIMENTCalled off after 6 days
Prison guards took on role with no instructions and abused 'prisoners' - 15Social Psychological Approaches Institutional Aggression EvaluationResearch Support for deprivation model- lack of privacy, overcrowding & lack of meaningful activity in prison influenced in interpersonal violence
Real life implications for running prisons
Zimbardos experiment s artificial
Participant relativity bias- guards and prisoners may have been playing a role - 16Biological explanations of aggression NeurotransmittersNatural Mechanisms that are most associated with aggressive behavior
- 17Biological explanations of aggression What 2 neurotransmitters are thought to be important in the control of aggressive behavior?Dopamine
Serotonin - 18LOW LEVELS OF....SEROTONIN
- 19HIGH LEVELS OF...DOPAMINE
- 20Biological explanations of aggression Serotonin- Mann35 participants- gave drug to lower serotonin
used a questionnaire to assess hostility and aggression
increase of aggression in men NOT women - 21Biological explanations of aggression Dopamine- LavineAnti psychotics which reduce dopamine activity in the brain have shown to reduce agressie behaviour
- 22Biological explanations of aggression Evaluation of Neurotransmitters Research SupportExamined neurotransmitter levels in anti-social children & adults, the studies constantly found low levels of serotonin in aggressive individuals
- 23Biological explanations of aggression Evaluation of Neurotransmitters Support from non human studiesimportance of serotonin in monkeys, fed food with a drug that increased serotonin and saw a decrease in aggression
- 24Biological explanations of aggression Evaluation of Neurotransmitters Reductionistlink between neurotransmitters and aggression NOT clear
cannot put down complex human behavior to one factor - 25Biological explanations of aggression HormonesRegulate and control bodily functions e.g. aggression
- 26Biological explanations of aggression Testosteronethought to act in areas of the brain which control aggression from young adulthood
- 27Biological explanations of aggression what is thought to be the primary biochemical influence on aggressionTestosterone
- 28Biological explanations of aggression Hormones- Testosterone DEBBSTestosterone levels in saliva were able to differentiate between violent and non violent criminals
- 29Biological explanations of aggression Hormones- Testosterone LINDMANAggressive behavior in drunk males positively correlated with testosterone levels
- 30Biological explanations of aggression Hormones- Testosterone Evaluation Reductionistlink between aggression and hormones not clear
complex human behavior cannot be put down to one factor - 31Biological explanations of aggression Hormones- Testosterone Evaluation Gender BiasStudies mainly carried out on males, especially those in the prison population- cannot genralise
- 32Biological explanations of aggression Hormones- Testosterone Evaluation Cultural BiasCarried out in western society
- 33what kind of research are testosterone studies?Correlation
- 34Biological explanations of aggression- genetic factors Twin StudiesCompares similarity of MZ and DZ twins for traits of aggression
found aggressive behavior highly correlated more in MZ than DZ twins - 35Biological explanations of aggression- genetic factors Twin studies What was the concordance rate for MZ twins?87%
- 36Biological explanations of aggression- genetic factors Twin studies What was the concordance rate for DZ twins?72%
- 37Biological explanations of aggression- genetic factors Adoption Studies14,000 adoptions in Denmark
Positive correlation between criminal violence of biological parents and number of criminal violence among their adopted sons - 38Biological explanations of aggression- genetic factors Evaluation Nature v's NurtureGenetic factors count for 40% of individual differences in aggression
- 39Biological explanations of aggression- genetic factors Evaluation ReductionistLink between aggression and genetics not clear
complex human behavior cannot be put down to one factor - 40Biological explanations of aggression- genetic factors Evaluation Samplingconvictions for violent crimes are rare so only represent a small minority
- 41Evolutionary explanations of aggression Why has aggressive behavior developed?an adaptive response to prevent people from leaving
- 42Evolutionary explanations of aggression why do males experience sexual jealousy?aggressive adaptive behavior to prevent a female from leaving
- 43Evolutionary explanations of aggression infidelity & jealousymen have adapted retention techniques to keep hold of partners
- 44Evolutionary explanations of aggression infidelity & jealousy What are examples of mate retention techniques?snooping
preventing partner from talking to other males
emotional/physical abuse - 45Evolutionary explanations of aggression Cuckoldoryfemale tricks male into thinking a child is theirs
- 46Evolutionary explanations of aggression How does cuckoldry effect males?loose chance to produce offspring to pass on genes
- 47Evolutionary explanations of aggression What are sexual coercive tactics?Partner rape to make sure child is theirs
- 48Evolutionary explanations of aggression cuckoldry & sexual jealousy CAMILLERsexual assault of female by male partner was directly linked to perceived risk of infidelity
- 49Evolutionary explanations of aggression Evaluation Research supportmate retention
men who suspected their wives were having an affair over the next year gave greater punishment for known or expected infidelity than those who did not anticipate future infidelities - 50Evolutionary explanations of aggression Evaluation Limitation of correlationdoes not infer cause and effect
- 51Evolutionary explanations of group displays of aggression Sports events- Xenophobiadocumented in almost every group of animals that display higher forms of social organisation
- 52Evolutionary explanations of group displays of aggression Sports events- Xenophobia What does natural selection favor?genes that cause human beings to be accepting of own groups but intolerant towards outsiders.
- 53Evolutionary explanations of group displays of aggression Sports events- Xenophobia What is Xenophobia linked to?Nationalism/racism
- 54Evolutionary explanations of group displays of aggression Sports events- Xenophobia EVANS & ROWE40 football matches all in Europe
more aggression when their was a national game
English clubs ethnically diverse less likely to invoke an xenophobic response - 55Evolutionary explanations of group displays of aggression Sports events- Xenophobia Evaluation Real world applicationPower of xenophobic violence has encouraged football clubs to take steps to minimize influence
German football teams wore shirts that said ' a foreigner is my friend' - 56Evolutionary explanations of group displays of aggression Sports events- Xenophobia Evaluation Research Supportlink between xenophobic behavior and violent displays among football crowds
Racist conduct of extremist led to an increase of spectators violence in general - 57Evolutionary explanations of group displays of aggression Sports events- Xenophobia Evaluation MARSHBeing a football hooligan gives working class males achieve a sense of personal worth in eyes of peers
Group displays of aggression part of an alternative career structure for working class males - 58Evolutionary explanations of aggression group displays- Warfare TRIVERSMen go to war and believe they will gain from it in the future- so women will choose them
- 59Evolutionary explanations of aggression group displays- Warfare KELLY & DUNBARBravest men were better hunters higher social status, so mate would also have a high social status
- 60Evolutionary explanations of aggression group displays- Warfare STEAMSfemales choose mates that are brave so offspring will have 'courageous genes'
- 61Evolutionary explanations of aggression group displays- Warfare how could choosing a 'brave' mate be harmful for the female?they may die/get killed and leave the female behind with no support
- 62Evolutionary explanations of aggression group displays- Warfare Evaluation Face Validityconcept of sexual selection- female chooses strongest mate
- 63Evolutionary explanations of aggression group displays- Warfare Evaluation KELLY & DUNBARBravery is rewarded same among all cultures
group displays in humans are innate and determined by genes - 64what are the social psychological explanations of aggression?social learning theory
de individuation
institutional aggression - 65what are the biological explanations of aggression?neural & hormonal
genetics - 66evolutionary explanations of aggression?jealousy
infidelity
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- A2 psychology Psychology Fichas sobre Aggression- PSYA3 , creado por sjheelboy97 el 29/05/2015.
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- Creado por Charlotte Gray5800 · 29 may 2015
- Copiado por sjheelboy97 · 29 may 2015
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