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Chapter 2 Flashcards
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- 1acidis a substance that releases hydrogen ions when it dissolves in water.
- 2acidicif the concentration of H+ exceeds the concentration of OH-, the solution is acidic.
- 3antioxidantour bodies produce many different molecules, that react with free radicals and render them harmless.
- 4atomthe smallest unit of an element, and each atom retains all the chemical properties of that element.
- 5atomic nucleusprotons and neutrons cluster together in the center of the atom, forming the atomic nucleus.
- 6atomic numberis the feature that defines each element, making it distinct from all others.
- 7baseis a substance that combines with hydrogen ions, reducing their number.
- 8basicif the concentration of OH- is greater than the concentration of H+, the solution is basic.
- 9bufferis a type of molecule that tends to maintain a solution at a constant pH by accepting or releasing H+ in response to small changes in H+ concentration.
- 10chemical bondare attractive forces that holds atoms together in molecules.
- 11cohesionthe tendency for molecules of a single type to stick together.
- 12covalent bondatoms with partially full outermost electron shells can become stable by sharing electrons with one another, filling both of their outer shells and forming covalent bond.
- 13dissolvesurrounds and disperses the individual atoms or molecules of another substance.
- 14electronwhich each carry a single negative charge.
- 15electron shellelectrons occupy complex three-dimensional regions, around the nucleus.
- 16elementa substance that cannot be separate into simpler substances, and cannot be converted into another substances by ordinary chemical reactions.
- 17free radicalare so reactive that they can tear other molecules apart.
- 18heat of vaporizationthe amount of heat needed to cause a substance to evaporate.
- 19hydrogen bondthe attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen and a slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen located in a nearby molecule or in another part of the same molecule.
- 20hydrophilicions and polar molecules.
- 21hydrophobicdo not dissolve in water and hence.
- 22hydrophobic interactionthe tendency of oil molecules to clump together in water.
- 23ionan atom that has acquired an overall positive or negative charge is no longer called an atom; is ion.
- 24ionic bondthe electrical attraction between positively and negatively charged ions forms ionic bonds.
- 25isotopeatoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
- 26mass numberan atom is the total number of the protons and neutrons in its nucleus.
- 27moleculemost forms of matter that we encounter in our daily lives consists of atoms of the same or different elements linked together.
- 28neutronhave no charge.
- 29nonpolar covalent bondthere is no charge on any part of the molecule.
- 30pH scaleof 0 to 14 measures how acidic or basic a solution.
- 31polar covalent bondunequally shared electrons.
- 32protoneach carry a single positive charge.
- 33radioactivethat their nuclei spontaneously break apart or decay.
- 34solutiona solvent containing one or more dissolved substances.
- 35solventis a molecule that has the ability to dissolve other molecules, known as solutes.
- 36specific heatis defined as the amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb or lose to change its temperature by one degree Celsius.
- 37surface tensionproperty of a liquid surface displayed by its acting as if it were a stretched elastic membrane.
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- Fichas sobre Chapter 2 Flashcards , creado por Natalia Sosa el 25/02/2021.
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