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Human Development - Chapter 1 slides
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- 1What is the most important external context?Social Context
- 2Describe Social Context.Includes family, peer group, school settings, neighbourhood, religious settings, and mass media
Children are highly dependent on others for their survival. - 3Give an example of social context.Ex. family in social context: family size, family structure, emotional climate, parental bond, etc. all affect the development of the child
School in social context: school system, classroom size, pupil/teacher ratio, education style, curriculum, etc. all influence the development of the child
Mass media: television, technology, advertising, violence seen, etc. all affect a child’s development - 4Describe Historical Context and give an example.In every era, prevailing assumptions, critical public events, current technologies and popular trends shape the lives and thoughts of individuals living in that time period. A cohort (a group of people of the same age) develop similar ideologies as a result of being raised in a particular historic era
Ex. The Great Depression (1930s) - hard working, frugal, value job security
Ex. affluent 50’s - highly social, enjoy spending money, optimistic - 5Describe Cultural Context and give an exampleProvides direction and meaning to a person’s development path. Culture refers to a set of values, assumptions, customs, objects (clothing, dwellings, cuisine, works of art, a group of people).
Provides guidelines for a way of living. Ex. expectation regarding gender roles and behaviour, cultural traditions and celebrations - 6Describe Ethnic Context and give an example.An ethnic group is a collection of people who share certain attributes, such as ancestry, national origin, religion, language
And as a result tend to identify with each other and have similar lives
One’s ethnicity is similar to one’s cultural and may even overlap
However, within one culture there can be many ethnicities
Ex. Canadian culture is multi-ethnic
Ethnic differences are most apparent in areas such as: child rearing, family, obligations, independence, dependence, or interdependence; whether they view education as all-important or as secondary to social obligations; whether they defer to family elders or assert their autonomy - 7Describe Socioeconomic Context and give an example.Socioeconomic status is sometimes called “social class” (working class, middle class, upper class)
Measured through a combination of income, education, residence, and occupation
Family income can limit opportunities and heighten pressures that conspire to make growing up much more difficult than in higher SES families
Ex. infant mortality, child neglect, adolescent violence are much more common among the poor that non-poor
Lower SES families also tend to raise their children differently than higher SES parents - stricter emphasis on obedience, more physical punishment and less encouragement of imagination and verbal expressiveness - 8What are the areas of development?physical, social, emotional, moral, cognitive
- 9Why study human development?Make thoughtful choices about parenting knowing it will be challenging
Know what to expect at each stage which makes you a better caregiver (having realistic expectations like tantrums at 18 months)
Recognize what is ‘normal’ at each stage (walking, talking, social skills) so you can seek help if needed
Knowing about various diseases and disorders so they can be treated appropriately
Builds empathy between parents and children - 10What is physical development and what contributes to healthy development in this area?Gross and fine motor skills
Growth and maturation of scenes, muscles, organs, and body systems
-Nutrition, exercise, human contact, hygiene, and rest
-doctor check up, vaccination, vitamin D - 11What is social development and what contributes to healthy development in this area?Knowledge of how people interact, play, take turns, share, or talk socially
Ability to build relationships, make friends
Being aware and supportive of those with challenging social conditions
Becoming independent
-Loving and patient caregivers, self confidence, cooperation, trust
-extracurriculars, interacting with peers your own age - 12What is emotional development and what contributes to healthy development in this area?Process of developing positive feelings about oneself, family, friends and the worlds at large
Maturation and evolution of emotions, social skills, identity, personality, and morals
Learning how to handle feelings appropriately
-Healthy, loving environment
-Caregivers respond with warmth to child’s feelings
-Parents should accept and support the innate nature of child and their temperament
-talk about feelings, access to therapy - 13What is moral development and what contributes to healthy development in this area?Development of a sense of right and wrong
Includes a conscience that governs thoughts feelings and behaviour
Concepts of justice, rights, responsibilities, and fairness
Creating positive attitude towards other in society
-Good role modelling from parents/caregivers, immediate family
-diversity - 14What is cognitive development and what contributes to healthy development in this area?Brain growth and stimulation of central nervous system
Maturation of mental processes such as learning, imagination, memory, perception
Development of language for young children
-Primary caregivers are supportive, nurturing, warm and sensitive
-Time and effort spent with supportive, nurturing caregivers
-tutor, preschool, school, learning styles, developing skills - 15What is the common contributing factor for healthy and positive human growth and development in all 5 areas?Nurturing relationships with caregivers; supportive, warm, positive, accepting caregivers
- 16What are the 3 Key Elements to a Nurturing Relationship? Explain and example of each.Comfort
Children will be frustrated and anxious at each stage of development
The parents reaction needs to be comforting, which can include gentle rocking, soothing, and calm words
Play
Play exercises a growing body and mind while providing a way to express emotions, develop socially, and explore morality
Ex. games, parents that engage in playing will strengthen their relationship with their child and contribute to their development
Teach
Gaining knowledge to accomplish tasks at each development stage. The parental teaching of skills, knowledge, and attitudes moves children along in their development - 17Describe "development in human beings is similar all over the world".Babies follow the same pattern of development no matter where they are born.
EG: All babies make the same babbling and cooing sounds. Then, at about the same age, they start to make sounds that closely imitate the language they hear being spoken around them.
A HUMAN IS A HUMAN IS A HUMAN! - 18Describe "development is sequential and builds on earlier development"Earlier development and learning is
necessary before new development
takes place. ...STEP BY STEP...
EG: Babies always lift their heads before they turn over. The ability to stand alone always precedes walking. Physical growth is a critical factor in the sequence in which new skills appear. - 19Describe "development is individualized"Every child proceeds at his or her
own rate in all areas of development,
even though progression follows a
similar pattern for all children.
EG: Some may walk sooner than others; some may
talk sooner than others. Some may learn to share sooner than others. - 20Describe "development is interrelated"Physical, social, emotional, moral and intellectual development are all interrelated. All five areas of development are interdependent and reinforce one another.
EG: A child who is physically able to climb on a chair and sneak a cookie is also old enough to know that it is wrong (moral). : Potty training: language dev’t enough to communicate they ‘have to go...’ as well as physical capable of holding ‘it’! - 21Describe "development is continuous throughout life"Growth and Development is most dramatic and rapid from conception to about 3 years of age, but it continues throughout life.
EG: Children and adolescents are growing and changing at a rapid pace (and have little control over these changes which may be confusing and frustrating). Adult development is slower and more in their control. Aging brings a decline in development (skills and abilities become limited). - 22Under normal conditions most teens develop into responsible adults. What do roadblocks do to development?They can delay development. All energies are focused on the interruption and not on the developmental task.
- 23What are some roadblocks?A. Crisis level traumas (Death of a parent, Parents getting divorced, Death of a sibling or close friend, Severe illness)
B. Living with abuse (physical, emotional, verbal, sexual)
C. Teen Pregnancy
D. Drug and/or alcohol abuse
E. Compulsive of obsessive behaviours (grades, excelling in sports, physical appearance) - 24Describe recovery from a roadblock.-may take some time
-after trauma has passed, normal development is regained
-when initial grief begins to lessen and life begins to move forward
-going back to school, seeing friends socially, playing sports teams, etc.
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- Fichas sobre Human Development - Chapter 1 slides, creado por KS - 12PB 790989 Castlebrooke SS el 08/10/2021.
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- KS - 12PB 790989 Castlebrooke SS
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